Comparison of Resistance Index Some Potato Cultivars to the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col.: Chrysomelidae)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 15, Volume 29, Issue 4 - Serial Number 33, December 2016, Pages 607-616   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v29i4.28209

Authors

A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh^* ; Gh. Nouri-Ganbalani; N. Shayesteh; I. Bernousi

Abstract

Introduction: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. is an important crop with 5.24 million tons of production on 210,000 hectares of irrigated land in Iran. Several pests attack the potato crop which among them the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most important defoliating pest of potato throughout the world and Iran and considerably reduce crop yield. Growers rely on pesticides to control this pest in the field but this insect is well known for its rapid resistance development to pesticides, so that it has developed field resistance to nearly all insecticides used against it and it is now resistant to more than 40 chemical insecticides. The problems of insecticide resistance, combined with continuing environmental concerns associated with chemical pesticide use, have provided a considerable stimulus over the past 50 years for the development of alternative control methods. Host plant resistance is considered to be an important part of integrated pest management (IPM) system of this pest, which is compatible with sustainable control methods and can reduce the use of chemical insecticides .With the aim of identifying the existence of resistance resources, a study was conducted to evaluate and comparison the resistance index (PRI) of 33 potatocultivarsto the Colorado potato beetle. Detected resistant variety (ies) could be used as a resistance source for IPM programs of this pest.
Materials and Methods: Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to compare resistance index (PRI) of 33 potato cultivars to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in Naghadeh region during 2007-2008. In a choice test, the numbers of attracted beetles to each cultivar was determined as antixenosis index in the field. Also, Percentage of larval and pupal mortality were determined and used as the antibiosis index under greenhouse conditions. To evaluate the tolerance index, infested and non infested plots were planted and arranged based on a randomized complete block design under field conditions. In infested plots, each plant was infested by 40 medium larvae (second and early third instars) 15 days prior to the blooming of plants. At the end of season, yield loss in infested plots were determined and compared with non infested plots for each cultivar and used as the tolerance index. Normalized values for each category were computed on a zero-to-one scale by dividing the mean value of each variety evaluated by the maximum mean value of all entries. Normalized tolerance values were calculated as percent reductions of plant biomass relative to a non-infested control. Normalized indices for antibiosis (X), antixenosis (Y) and tolerance (Z) were used to calculate PRI in the formula: PRI = 1/(XYZ) (Inayatullah et al., 1990).
Results and Discussion: Combined analysis of variance showed that interactive effect of cultivar × year was significant for all of the indices at P=0.01. The cultivars Sinja, Bridjet and Cardinal with the least antixenosis index (Y), had the highest antixenosis resistance to the Colorado potato beetle in 2007, also the cultivars Cardinal, Carlita and Elles with the least antixenosis index (Y), had the highest antixenosis resistance to the pest in comparison to other cultivars in 2008. The highest antibiosis (X) resistance was observed in the cultivars Delikat, Carlita, Armada and Sinja with the least antibiosis index, in two studied years. The cultivars Satina, Cardinal, Santana and Nicola with the least tolerance index (Z), had the highest tolrence to the Colorado potato beetle in comparison to the other cultivars during 2007-2008. The cultivars Delikat,Bridjet and Cardinal ere the most resistant cultivars with 52.63, 36.30 and 29.87 PRI, respectively in 2007. In this year, the cultivars Diamont, Aparet and Velox were the most sensitive cultivars with 1.90, 2.06 and 2.26 PRI, respectively in comparison to other cultivars. In 2008, the cultivars Santana, Bridjet and Sinja were the most resistant cultivars with 48.56, 28.36 and 25.80 PRI, respectively and the cultivars Velox, Agria and Bright were the most sensitive cultivars with 1.90, 2.71 and 3.20 PRI, respectively in comparison to the other cultivars in 2008.
Conclusion: Significant positive correlation was observed between the plant resistance indices (PRI) in two study years (r= 0.499, P= 0.01). Results of this research revealed that the cultivars Bridjet, Delikat, Cardinal, Carlita, Sinja and Nicola with the highest PRI were the most resistant cultivars to the Colorado potato beetle in comparison to other cultivars during 2007-2008, suggesting that these cultivars can be used in the IPM program of the pest and resistance transfer to high yield varieties through plant breeding programs.

Keywords

Antixenosis; Antibiosis; Tolerance; Plant resistance index

References

1- Bishop B.A., and Grafius E.J. 1996.Insecticide resistance in the Colorado potato beetle. p. 355-377.In P.H.A. Jolivet, and M.L. Cox (ed.) Chrysomelidae biology.Vol. 1. Amsterdam, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.

2- Boiteau, G., Pierre J., and Blanc R.L. 1999. Colorado potato beetle life stages. Available at: http://res2agr.ca/ fredriction/ home/ texts/ staff/ studies/ 3500/ cpb.htm.

3- DentD. 2000. Insect pest management. (2nded.). CABI Publishing.

4- FAO, 2010. Available at: http://faostat.org/site/636/default.aspex.

5- FerroD.N., and Boiteau G. 1993. Management of insect pests.p. 103–116. InR.C. Rowe et al. (ed.) Potato health management. APS Press.Potato Association of America.

6- Ferro D.N., Norzuch B.J., and Margolies D. 1983. Crop loss assessment of Colorado potato beetle on potatoes in western Massachusetts. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76:349–356.

7- Horber E. 1980. Types and classification of resistance.p. 15–21. In F.G. Maxwell et al. (ed.) Breeding plants resistant to insects. John Wiley, New York.

8- Horton D.N., Chauvin R.L., Hinojosa T., Larson D., Murphy C., and Biever K.D. 1997. Mechanism of resistance to Colorado potato beetle in several potato lines and correlation with defoliation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 82:239–246.

9- Inayatullah C., Webster J.A., and Fargo W.S. 1990. Index for measuring plant resistance to insects. Southwest Entomology, 109: 146–152.

10- Jackai L.E.N. 1991. Laboratory and screenhouse assays for evaluating cowpea resistance to the legume pod borer. Crop Protection, 10: 48–52.

11- Karroubizadeh S., Nouri-Ganbalani G., and Valizadeh M. 2002. Evaluation of resistance mechanisms to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in 20 potato cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1: 47-54. (in Persian with English summary)

12- KishabaA.N., and Manglitz G.R. 1965. Non-preference as a mechanism of sweetclover and alfalfa resistance to the sweetclover aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid.Journal of Economic Entomology, 58: 566–569.

13- Kung K.J., Milner M., Wyman J.A., Felidan J., and Nordheim E. 1992. Survival of Colorado potato beetle (Col.: Chrysomelidae) after exposure to subzero thermal shocks during diapouse. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 1695–1700.

14- Lage J., Skovmand B., and Andersen S.B. 2003. Characterization of greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in synthetic hexaploid wheats. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96:1922–1928.

15- Lopez R., and Ferro D.N. 1995.Larviposition response of Myiopharusdoryphorae(Dip.: Tachinidae) to Colorado potato beetle (Col.: Chrysomelidae) larvae treated with lethal and sublethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88: 870–874.

16- LyytinenA., Lindstrom L., Mappes J., Tiitto R.J.,Fasulati S.R., and Tiilikhala K. 2007. Variability in host plant chemistry: behavioral responses and life – history parameters of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Chemoecology, 17: 51–56.

17- Martel J.W., Alford A.R., and Dickens D.J. 2007. Evaluation of a novel host plant volatile – based attracticide for management of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Crop Protection, 26: 822–827.

18- Mc GaugheyW.H., and Johnson D.E. 1992. Indian meal moth resistance to different strains and mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 1594–1600.

19- Morgan J., Wilde, G.,and Johnson D. 1980. Greenbug resistance in commerical sorghum hybrids in the seedling stage. Journal of Economic Entomology, 73: 510–514.

20- Muller K.O. 1959. Hypersensitivity.p. 469–519. InJ.G. Horsfall et al. (ed.) Plant pathology-an advanced treatise. Academic Press, New York, USA.

21- Naderi Meshkin H. 2007. Optimization of plant tissue culture and transfer of gus and bar genesto potato plant (Solanumtuberosum L.) and study of proteins related to pathogen (RRs) on the Colorado potato beetle pest. MSc Thesis, Tehran University, 111 pp.(in Persian with English summary).

22- Ng S.S., Davis F.M., and Williams W.P. 1990. Ovipositional response of southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected maize hybrids. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1575–1577.

23- Nouri-Gabalani G. 1989. Preliminary study of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsadecemlineata (Say), biology in Ardabil province, Journal of Agricultural Science. 20: 1-9. (in Persian with English summary).

24- Painter R.H. 1951. Insect resistance in crop plants.Mac Millan Publisher, New York, USA.

25- Pelletier Y., Clark C., and Georges C.T. 2001.Resistance of three wild tuber–bearing potatoes to the Colorado potato beetle. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 100: 31–41.

26- Pelletier Y., and Dutheil J. 2006.Behavioural responses of the Colorado potato beetle to trichomes and leaf surface chemicals of Solanumtarrijense. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 125–130.

27- Pelletier Y., and Tai G.C.C. 2001. Genotypic variability and mode of action of Colorado potato beetle (Col.: Chrysomelidae) resistance in seven Solanum species. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 572–578.

28- PelletierY., Clark C. and Koeyer D.D. 2007. Level and genetic variability of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) in wild Solanum species. American Journal of potato Research, 84: 143–148.

29- Radcliffe E.B., and Lagnaoui A. 2006. Pests and diseases, part D: Insects in potato.p. 541-567. InR. Violaet al. (ed.) Potato biology and biotechnology: Advances and Perspectives, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

30- Renwick J.A.A. 1983. Nonpreference mechanisms: Plant characteristics influencing insect behavior. p. 199–213. In P.A. Hedin (ed.)Plant resistance to insects.ACS Symposium Series No. 208. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.

31- Smith C.M. 1989. Plant Resistance to Insects – A Fundamental Approach. John Wiley, New York.

32- Smith C.M. 2005. Plant resistance to arthropods. Springer Publishers, Netherlands.

33- Tanada Y., and Kaya H.K. 1993. Insect pathology. Academic Press, California.

34- Tingey W.M. and Yencho G.C. 1994. Insect resistance in potato: a decade of progress. p. 405–425. In G.W. Zehnder et al. (ed.). Advances in potato pest biology and management. APS, St. Paul, Minnesota.

35- Van der Plank J.E. 1968. Disease resistance in plants. Academic Press, London.

36- Webster J.A., and Porter D.R. 2000. Plant resistance components of two greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistant wheats.Journal of Economic Entomology, 93:1000–1004.

37- Yaser B., and Gungor M.A. 2005. Determination of life table and biology of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.: Chrysomelidae), feeding on five different potato varieties in Turkey. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 40: 589–596.