Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of 43 Sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) Lines and Ecotypes under Irrigated with Saline Water

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 4, Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35, October 2014, Pages 378-386   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i3.42214

Authors

S. F Fazeli Kakhki¹; A Nezami^{* 2}; M Parsa²; M Kafi²

¹Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mahhad, Iran

²Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Salinity of water and soil in arid and semi arid regions restricts the growth and yield of crops such as sesame. In order to evaluate yield and yield components of 43 lines and ecotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under saline condition (EC of irrigation water, 5.2 dS m-1) an experiment was carried out in randomize complete block design with three replications at salinity Research Station of Center of Special Crops, Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2010. Results showed that 25 sesame accessions were capable to emerge and growth until maturity and others died in different growth stages. There were significant differences between sesame accessions for yield and yield components (number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule and 1000 seed weight). The maximum biomass was obtained from MSC3 (73.2 g/plant), and in 24 percent of accessions was further than 30 g plant-1 and the maximum grain yield was observed in MSC3 (24.7 g m-2). There was considerable variation between accessions in number of capsule per plant, so that the range was from 2 to 57 capsules per plant. Results of correlation coefficients showed that there were significant and positive correlation between seed yield and number of capsules per plant (r=0.46**) and biological yield (r= 0.94 **). It seems that for selection of salt tolerant sesame accessions, screening of seed yield in field conditions is a reliable index. However, further study on growth and physiological processes is necessary for determination of salt tolerance in sesame.

Keywords

Capsule per plant; Grain per plant; Harvest index

References

1- احمدی، م.، و م. ج. بحرینی. 1388. تاثیر مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و میزان روغن دانه ارقام کنجد در منطقه بوشهر. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 48: 131-123.

2- افیونی، د.، و م. محلوجی. 1385. تجزیه همبستگی برخی صفات زراعی در ژنوتیپ های گتدم (Triticum aestivum L.) در تنش شوری. 22(2): 197-186.

3- پوستینی، ک. 1381. ارزیابی 30 رقم گندم از نظر واکنش به تنش شوری. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، 31(3):57-64.

4- تشکری، ع.، ف. کاوه، م. ج. عابدی، ا. پذیرا و ح. سیادت. 1383. بررسی تاثیر شوری های آب زیر زمینی و سطوح ایستابی روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف گندم. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 11(1): 68-59.

5- ثابت تیموری، م.، ح. ر. خزایی، م. نصیری محلاتی، و ا. نظامی. 1388. تاثیر سطوح مختلف شوری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تک بوته، خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و میزان کلروفیل برگ کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.). مجله تنش های محیطی در علوم کشاورزی، 2(2): 119-130.

6- جدی حسینی، س. م.، س. گالشی، ا. سلطانی، و ف. اکرم قادری. 1386. بررسی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ژنوتیپ های حساس و متحمل به شوری در پنبه. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 14(6): 63-71.

7- رضوانی مقدم، پ.، ج. نباتی، ق. نوروزپور، و ع. ا. محمدآبادی. 1383. بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و روغن کنجد در تراکم های مختلف بوته و فواصل مختلف آبیاری. مجله پژوهش های زراعی ایران، 3(1): 57-68.

8- علیزاده، ا. 1369. روابط آب، خاک و گیاه. انتشارات جاوید ( 736 صفحه).

9- قربانی، م. ح.، ا. زینلی، ا. سلطانی، و س. گالشی. 1382. تاثیر تنش شوری بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه در دو رقم گندم. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 10(4): 5-14.

10- کافی، م.، ا. برزویی، م. صالحی، ا. کمندی، ع. معصومی، و ج. نباتی. 1388. فیزیولوژی تنش های محیطی در گیاهان. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.

11- نبی زاده مرودست، م. ر.، م. کافی، و م. ح. راشدمحصل.1382. اثرات شوری بر رشد، عملکرد، تجمع املاح و درصد اسانس زیره سبز. مجله پژوهش های زراعی ایران،1(1): 53-60 .

12- محلوجی، م.، و م. اکبری. 1380. اثر شوری آب بر عملکرد ارقام مختلف گندم در آبیاری بارانی. مجله نهال و بذر، 17(2): 172-182.

13- Abou Leila, B., M. S. Gaballah, H. A. El-Zeiny, and S. Khali. 2007. The effect of antitranspirant application on yield and fatty acid of sesame cultivars grown under saline conditions. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(9): 879-885.

14- Asch, F., M. Dingkuhn and K. Dorffling. 1997. Physiological stresses of irrigated rice caused by soil salinity in the Sahel. West Africa Rice Development, PP. 247-273.

15- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2002. The FAOSTAT Database. Available at Web site http://faostat.fao.org/docrep/T0115E/T0115E0.htm.

16- Flagella, Z., M. M. Giuliani, T. Rotunno, R. Di Caterina and A. De Caro. 2004. Effect of saline water on oil yield and quality of a high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid. Europian Journal of Agronomy, 21(2-3): 267-272.

17- Flowers, T. J. and A. R. Yeo. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22, 875–884.

18- Francois, L. E., E. V. Grieve, E. V. Mass and S. M. Leseh. 1994. Time of salt stress affects growth and yield components of irrigated wheat. Agronomy Journal, 86:100-107.

19- Francois, L. E. 1996. Salinity effects on four sunflower hybrids. Agronomy Journal, 88: 215-219.

20- Gaballah, M. S., Abou Leila, B., El-Zeiny, H. A., and S. Khalil. 2007. Estimating the performance of salt-stressed sesame plant treated with antitranspirants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(9): 811-817.

21- Goudarzi, M., and H. Pakniyat. 2008. Evaluation of wheat cultivars under salinity stress based on some agronomic and physiological traits. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 4(1): 35-38.

22- Guo, F., and Z. C. Tang. 1999. Reduced Na+ and K+ permeability of K+ channel in plasma membrane isolated from roots of salt tolerant mutant of wheat. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(9): 816-821.

23- Hassanzadeh M., M. Ebadi, S. H. Panahyan-e-eKivi, M. Jamaati-e-Somarin, Saeidi and A. Gholipouri. 2009. Investigation of water stress on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Research Journal of Environmental Science, 3(2): 239-244.

24- Jafari-Shabestari, J., H. Corhe, and O. Qualset. 1995. Field evaluation of tolerance to salinity stress in Iranian hexaploid wheat landraces accession. Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation, 42: 147-156.

25- Kandil, A., M. S. Sultan, M. A. Badawi, A. Abd El-Rahman, and B. A. Zayed. 2010. Performance of some rice cultivars as affected by irrigation and potassium fertilizer under saline soil conditions: I. yield and yield components. Crop and Environment, 1(1): 18-21.

26- Langham, D. R. 2007. Phenology of sesame. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Issue in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.

27- Mahmood, S., S. Iram, and H. Athar. 2003. Intra-specific variability in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) for various quantitative and qualitative attributes under differential salt regimes. Journal of Research Science, 14(2): 177-186.

28- Mass, E. V. and G. J. Hoffman. 1977. Crop salt tolerance- current assessment. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1- 42.

29- Mass, E. A. 1985. Crop tolerance to salinity sprinkling water. Plant and Soil, 89:273-284.

30- Mensah, J. H., P. A. Akomeah, B. Ikhajiagbe, and E. O. Ekpekurede. 2006. Effects of salinity on germination, growth and yield of five groundnut genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(20): 1973-1979.

31- Mori, M., I. Di Mola, and F. Quaglietta Chiarandà. 2011. Salt stress and transplant time in snap bean: growth and productive. International Journal of Plant Production, 5(1): 49-64.

32- Munns, R. 1993. Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmas and hypotheses. Plant Cell Environment, 16: 15-24.

33- Munns, R., S. Husain, A. R. Rivelli, R. A. James, A. G. Condon, M. P. Lindsay, E. S. Lagudah, D. P. Schachtman and R. A. Hare. 2002. Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of crops and the role of physiologically based selection traits. Plant Soil, 247: 93-105.

34- Nadarajan, N., and M. Gunasekaran. 2005. Quantitative Genetics and Biometrical Techniques in Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishers.

35- Nasir Khan, M., H. Siddiqui, M. Firoz, M. Masroor, A. Khan, and M. Naeem. 2007. Salinity induce changes in growth, enzyme activity, photosynthesis, proline accumulation and yield in linseed genotypes. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(5): 685-695.

36- Patel, R. M., S. O. Prasher, D. Donnelly, and R. B. Bonnell. 2001. Effect of initial soil salinity and subirrigation water salinity on potato tuber yield and size. Agricultural Water Management, 46: 231-239.

37- Pathan, A. B., M. A. Mazid Miah, Farzana Islam, A. B. M. Zahid hossain, and M. R. Islam. 2007. Mineral nutrition and yield of sesame in the ganges tidal floodplain soil. Bangladesh Agriculture Research, 32(3): 387- 391.

38- Reddy, B. V. S., A. Ashok Kumar, P. S. Reddy, M. Ibrahim, B. Ramaiah, A. J. Dakheel, S. Ramesh, and L. Krishnamurthy. 2010. Cultivar options for salinity tolerance in sorghum. Journal of SAT Agriculture Research, 8: 1-5.

39- Roy, N., S. M. Abdullah, M. Amun, and J. Sarwar. 2009. Yield performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties at varying levels of row spacing. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(5): 823-827.

40- Sadat Nori, S. A., A. Roustaei, and B. Foghi. 2006. Variability of salt tolerance for eleven traits in bread wheat grown in different saline condition. Journal of Agronomy, 5(1): 131-136.

41- Salwa, A. R., Kh. Hammad, A. Shaban, and F. T. Manal. 2010. Studies on salinity tolerance of two peanut cultivars in relation to growth, leaf water content, some chemical aspects and yield. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(10): 1517-1526

42- Seaman. J. 2005. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes: can crop plants resistance to salinity be improved. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sheffield.

43- Singh, A. L., K. Hariprassana, and R. M. Solanki. 2008. Screening and selection of groundnut genotype for tolerance of salinity. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 1(3): 69-77.

44- Srivastava, J. P., and S. Jana. 1984. Screening wheat and barley germplasm for salt tolerance. In Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Strategies for Crop Improvement. Wiley, New York, USA.

45- Yeo, A. R., and T. J. Flowers. 1989. Selection for physiological character- examples from breeding for salt tolerance. Plant under Stress. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

46- Yousif, Y. H., F. T. Binghane, and D. M. Yermanos. 1972. Growth, mineral composition and seed oil of sesame as affected by boron and exchangeable sodium. Proceedings of the American Soil Society, 36, 923-926.

47- Weiss, E. A. 2000. Oilseed Crops. Blackwell, London.