تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی وسمه (Indigofera tinctoria L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، دی 1397، صفحه 1067-1079   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i4.48405

نویسندگان

نادر مدافع بهزادی^{1، 2}؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 1}؛ محسن جهان¹

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

²گروه کشاورزی، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بم، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد اندام هوایی گیاه دارویی وسمه (Indigofera tinctoria L.) در واکنش به تاریخ­های مختلف کاشت و تراکم بوته، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه بم در سال زراعی 92-1391 اجرا شد. چهار تاریخ کاشت (15 فروردین، 30 فروردین، 14 اردیبهشت و 29 اردیبهشت ماه) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و چهار تراکم کاشت (15، 25، 35 و 45 بوته در متر مربع) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، قطر کانوپی، تعداد شاخه جانبی، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه و وزن خشک کل اندام هوایی وسمه در دو چین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته تأثیر معنی­داری (01/0p≤) بر روی صفات مورد اندازه­گیری در هر دو چین داشتند. بیشترین تولید برای تاریخ کاشت اوایل فروردین مشاهده شد، بطوری­که بالاترین وزن خشک برگ و ساقه در چین اول و دوم به ترتیب برای تاریخ کاشت 15 فروردین با 79/464، 54/463 و 75/399، 04/404 گرم در متر مربع بدست آمد. با تأخیر در کاشت از اوایل فروردین به اواخر اردیبهشت، وزن خشک کل اندام هوایی در چین اول 76/32 درصد و در چین دوم 58/78 درصد کاهش یافت. به طور کلی، تاریخ کاشت زود هنگام برای وسمه به دلیل طولانی­تر بودن دوره رشد، بالا بودن رطوبت نسبی محیط و خنکی هوا بر کشت دیرهنگام ارجحیت دارد. همچنین تراکم 45 بوته در متر مربع به‌عنوان تراکم مطلوب انتخاب گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

قطر بوته؛ وزن خشک برگ؛ وزن خشک ساقه؛ وزن خشک کل اندام هوایی

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