ارزیابی زیست محیطی سموم کشاورزی مورد استفاده در مزارع پنبه (Gossypium herbaceum L.) استان گلستان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 13، دوره 10، شماره 4، بهار 1397، صفحه 1135-1148  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i4.61847

نویسندگان

رضا عارفی¹؛ افشین سلطانی ²؛ حسین عجم نوروزی¹

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

مصرف سموم خسارت ناشی از آفات و بیماری را کاهش می­دهد، ولی در عوض آلودگی محیط زیست٬ انسان٬ دام٬ آبزیان، حشرات و غیره را سبب می شود. این مقاله اثرات منفی سموم مورد استفاده در مزارع پنبه (Gossypium herbaceum L.) را با استفاده از مدل EIQ مورد بحث و بررسی قرارداد است نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مصرف سموم بیشترین تأثیر را در بین سه مؤلفه اصلی کارگران مزرعه، مصرف­کنندگان و جزء اکولوژیک بر بخش اکولوژیک که شامل اجزاء آبزیان، زنبورها، موجودات مفید و پرندگان بود داشت. در بین حشره­کش‌ های مورد استفاده، پروفنفوس (کواکرون) و تیودیکارپ (لاروین) دارای بیشترین ضریب اثر محیطی مزرعه­ای بودند. بیشترین ضریب اثر محیطی مزرعه­ای در بین علف­کش­ها مربوط به تریفورالین (ترفلان) بود. بین میزان شاخص تأثیر زیست محیطی مزرعه ای آفت­کش­ها و عملکرد پنبه رابطه­ای مثبت معنی­دار و مستقیمی وجود داشت. این عبارت بدان معنی نیست که افزایش عملکرد مستلزم استفاده بیشتر از سموم می‌باشد بلکه از طریق راه­های مختلف میزان عملکرد اقتصادی را حفظ و اثرات مخرب زیست محیطی سموم را کاهش داد اجرا سیستم‌های مدیریتی مختلف مبارزه تلفیقی آفات و علف­های هرز جهت کاهش مصرف سموم توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آفت کش ها؛ ضریب اثر محیطی؛ علف کش ها؛ کنترل شیمیایی

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