اثر همزیستی با گونه‌های میکوریزا و پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در سطوح تنش خشکی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 19، دوره 10، شماره 4، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 1229-1244   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i4.63405

نویسندگان

عبدالحسین عسکری¹؛ محمد رضا اردکانی^{* 2}؛ سعید وزان¹؛ فرزاد پاک نژاد³؛ یعقوب حسینی⁴

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرج

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

³گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

⁴بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی، پرایمینگ بذر و همزیستی با گونه­های قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) به­صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 3  تکرار در سال­های 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی حاجی­آباد هرمزگان اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی تنش خشکی شامل: آبیاری بر اساس تأمین 100درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (آبیاری نرمال)، تأمین70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش ملایم) و تأمین50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش شدید)، فاکتور فرعی پرایمینگ در سه سطح: بدون پرایمینگ (شاهد)، هیدروپرایمینگ و اسموپرایمینگ و فاکتور فرعی دیگر شامل سطوح قارچ میکوریزا: بدون استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا (شاهد)، استفاده از گونه‌هایGlomus mosseae  و Glomus intraradices بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده­ها نشان داد که اثر ساده تنش خشکی تأثیری معنی­دار (P≤0.01) بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی داشت. اثر تلقیح میکوریزا بر تمامی پاسخ­های گیاهی اندازه­گیری شده (P≤0.01) و تیمار پرایمینگ بر صفت تعداد دانه در هر کپسول (P≤0.01) و همچنین بر صفات وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک دارای تأثیری معنی­دار (P≤0.05) بود. اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری × میکوریزا فقط بر صفت عملکرد دانه (P≤0.05)، اثرات برهمکنش میکوریزا × پرایمینگ بر صفت تعداد دانه در هر کپسول (P≤0.01) و بر صفت وزن هزاردانه (P≤0.05) معنی­دار بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و تمامی صفات اندازه گیری شده، مربوط به آبیاری با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (آبیاری نرمال) به­دست آمد. افزایش مقدار آبیاری از 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به 100 درصد نیاز آبی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به میزان­های 4/39 و 7/26 درصد بهبود بخشید. تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا گونه­های  G. mosseaeو  G. Intraradices نسبت به عدم مصرف قارچ میکوریزا، عملکرد دانه را به میزان­های 4/10 و 7/4 درصد بهبود داد. پرایمینگ بذر نسبت به عدم پرایم بذر عملکرد دانه را به میزان 2 درصد افزایش داد. هر چند تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد کنجد شد، ولی استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا شدت اثر آن را کاهش داد. همچنین، تأثیر دو گونه میکوریزا بر عملکرد کنجد و اثر آنها بر کاهش خسارت تنش متفاوت بود، به­طوری­که قارچ میکوریزا G. mosseae دارای قدرت همزیستی بیشتری در مقایسه با G. intraradices بود و از افت شدید عملکرد کنجد در شرایط تنش خشکی جلوگیری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی : عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ نیاز آبی؛ همزیستی میکوریزایی؛ هیدروپرایمیگ

مراجع

Afzal, I., Aslam, N., Mabood, F., Hussain, A., and Irfan, S. 2004. Enhancement of canola seed by different priming techniques. Caderno de Pesquisa Ser. Bio., Santa Cruz do Sul 16: 19-34.

Al-Palsan, M., Boydak, E., Hayta, M., Gercek, S., and Simsek, M. 2001. Effect of row space and irrigation on seed composition of Turkish Sesame. Journal of Crop Science 78: 933-935.

Amerian M.R., Stewart W.S., and Griffiths H. 2001. Effect of two species of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on growth, assimilation and leaf water relations in maize (Zea mays). Aspects of Applied Biology 63: 71-76.

Ashkani, J., Pakniyat, H., Emam, Y., Assad, M.T., and Bahrani, M.J. 2007. The evaluation and relationships of some physiological traits in spring safflower under stress and non-stress water regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 9: 267-277.

Azcon, R., and El-Atrash, F. 1997. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae and phosphorus fertilization on growth, nodulation and N2 fixation in Medicago sativa at four salinity levels. Biology and Fertility of Soils 24: 81-86.

Bagheri, V., Shamshiri, M.H., Shirani, H., and Roosta, H.R. 2012. Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in Mycorrhizal Pistachio Seedlings under Drought Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 14: 1591-1604.

Banzigar, M., Edmeades, G.O., Beck, D., and Bellon, M. 2000. Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize from theory to practice. Plant Genetics and Breeding 633-1553.

Bathlenfalvay G.J., Brown M.S., Ames R.N., and Thomas R.S. 1998. Effect of drought on host and endophyte development in mycorrhizal soybean in relation to water use and phosphate uptake. Physiologia Plantarum 72: 565-571.

Bradford, K.J., Steiner, J.J., and Trawatha, S.E. 1990. Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Science 30: 718-721.

Demir, K.M., Gamze, O., Atak, M., Cikili, Y., and Kolsarici, O. 2006. Seed treatment to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy 24: 291-295.

Elwan, L.M. 2001. Effect of soil water regimes and inoculation with mycorrhizae on growth and nutrients content of maize plants. Zagazig Journal Agriculture Research 28: 163-172.

Eskandari, H., ZehtabSalmasi, S., and Ghasemi-Golozani, K. 2010. Evaluation of water use efficiency and grain yield of sesame cultivars as a second crop under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Science 20(1): 39-51. (In Persian)

Farshi A., Shariati, M., Jarollahi, R., Ghaemi, M., Shahabifar, M., and Tallaei, M.M. 1998. An estimate of water requirement of main field crops and orchards in Iran (Vol. 1: field crops)‬. Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Education Publication 918p.

Fereres, E., and Soriano, M.A. 2007. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 147-159.

Fischer, K.S., Johnson, E.C., and Edmeades, G.O. 1981. Breeding and selection for drought resistance in tropical maize. Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT.

Gholinezhad, E., Aynband, A., Hassanzadeh Ghrthapeh, E., Bernousi, A., and Rezaee, H. 2010. Evaluation of effective drought stress on yield, yield components and harvest index of Sunflower Hybrid Iroflor at different levels of nitrogen and Plant Population in Urmia Climate Conditions. Journal of Plant Production Research 16(3): 1-28. (In Persian with English Summary)

Good, A., and Zaplachiniski, S. 1994. The effects of drought on free aminoacid accumulation and protein synthesis in Brassica napus. Physiologia Plantarum 90: 9-14.

Haidari, M., and Karami, A. 2014. Effects of water stress and different mycorrhiza species on yield and yield components, Chlorophyll and biochemical components of sunflower. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 6(1): 17-26. (In Persian)

Hassanzadeh, M., Asghari, A., Jamaati-e-Somarin, S.H., Saeidi, M., Zabihi- Mahmoodabad, R., and Hokmalipour, S. 2009. Effects of water deficit on drought tolerance indices of sesame genotypes in Moghan Region. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 3: 116-121.

Hetrick, B.A.D., Wilson, G.W.T., and Todd, T.C. 1996. Mycorrhiza response in wheat cultivars: Relationship to phosphorus. Canadian Journal of Botany 74: 19-25.

Hozayn, M., Zeidan S.M., Abd El-Lateef E.M., and Abd El-Salam M.S. 2007. Performance of Some Mungbean (Vignna radiate L. Wilczek) Genotypes under Late Sowing Condition in Egypt. Research Journal Agriculture Biotechnology Science 3: 972-978.

Jahangiri Nia, E., Syyadat, A., Koochakzadeh, A., Sayyahfar, M., and Moradi Telavat, M.R. 2017. The Effect of Vermicompost and mycorrhizal inoculation on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under water stress condition. Journal of Agroecology 8(4): 583-597. (In Persian with English Summary)

Jain, S., Yue-Lioang, R., Mei-wang, L.E., Ting-Xian, Y., Xiao-Wen, Y., and Hong-Ving, Z. 2010. Effect of drought stress on sesame growth and yield characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance. Chinese Journal of Oil Crops Sciences 4: 42-48.

Jamshidi, E., Ghalavnd, A., Salahi, A., Zare, M.G., and Jamshidi, A.R. 2009. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal on yield, yield components and plant characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 11(1):136- 150. (In Persian)

Kargar, F. 2014. Effects of drought stress and methanol spray on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Koocheki, A., Bakhshaie, S., Khorramdel, S., Mokhtari, V., and Taher Abadi, Sh. 2015. Effect of mycorrhiza symbiosis on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) affected by different irrigation regimes in Mashhad condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 13(3): 448-460. (In Persian with English Summary)

Koocheki, A.R., Shabahang, J., Khoramdel, S., and Najafi, F. 2015. Effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza and irrigation water volumes on yield, yield components and essential oils of two species Fennel (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and Carum copticum (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Agroecology 7(1): 20-37. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ladjal M., Huc R., and Ducrey M. 2005. Drought effects on hydraulic conductivity and xylem vulnerability to embolism in diverse species and provenances of Mediterranean cedars. Tree Physiology 25: 1109-1117.

Manafi, H. 2010. Influence of mycorrhizosphere on soil hydraulic properties and tomato tolerance to water deficit stress. MS Thesis, University of Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Mehrabi, Z., and Ehsanzadeh, P. 2011. A study on physiological attributes and grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under different soil moisture regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement1 3(2): 75-88.

Mensah, J.K., Obadoni, B.O., Eruotor, P., and Onome-Trieguna, F. 2006. Simulated flooding and drought effects on germination, growth and yield parameters of sesame. African Journal Biotechnology 5: 1249-1253.

Mojdam, M. 2006. Effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen use management on agrophysiological characteristic and grain yield SC704 in Khuzestan. Ph.D Thesis Islamic Azad University. Research and Science Unit. Ahvaz. Iran. (In Persian with English abstract)

Moradi-Dalini, A. 2012. Determination of reference crop evapotranspiration using lysimeter measurements and comparison with calculating by climate methods in Haji Abad Climate. Final Report of Research Project, No. 1807, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Murty, G.S.A., and Bhatia, C.R. 1990. Effect of recurring water stress on growth, yield and other agronomic characters in sesame. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter 5: 4-10.

Nesmith, D.S., and Ritchie, J.T. 1992. Short and long term responses of corn to apre-anthesis soil water deficit. Agronomy Journal 84: 106-113.

Raei, Y., Shariati, J., and Weisany, W. 2016. Effect of biological fertilizers on seed oil, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) at different irrigation levels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 25(1): 65-84. (In Persian with English Summary)

Reddy, A., Chaitanya, K., and Vivekanandan, M. 2004. Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 161: 1189-1202.

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Amiri, M.B., and Ehyaee, H.R. 2016. Effect of simultaneous application of mycorrhiza with compost, vermicompost and sulfural geranole on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a low inputcropping system. Journal of Agroecology 8(4): 583-597. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani-Moghaddam, P., Norozpoor, Gh., Nabati, J., and Mohammad-Abadi, A.A. 2005. Effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame (Sesamum indicum). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 3(1): 57-68. (In Persian)

Rostami, M., Mirzaee, R., and Kafi, M. 2004.Evaluation of drought tolerance in four cultivars saffron at germination stage.7thInternational Conference on the development of arid regions. Tehran, Iran, Pp 125-128. (In Persian)

Sainz, M.J., Taboada-Castro, M.T., and Vilarino, A. 1998. Growth, mineral and mycorrhizal colonization of red clover and cucumber plants grown in a soil amended with composted urban wastes. Plant and Soil 205: 85-92.

Salamati, N., and Delbari, M. 2014. Effects of the amount of water in tape drip irrigation on quality and quantity of yield of two canola varieties in Behbahan region. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture 28(3): 329-340. (In Persian)

Shirani-Rad, A.H., Naeemi, M., and Nasr-Esfahani, S.H. 2010. Evalution of terminal drought stress tolerance in spring and winter rapeseed genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 12(2): 112-126. (In Persian)

Sinaki, J.M., Heravan, E.M., Rad, A.H.S., Noormohammadi, Gh., and Ghasem Zarei, Gh. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Biotechnology 17(2): 113-122.

Subramanian, K.S., Santhanakrishnan, P., and Balasubramanian, P. 2006. Response of field grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under varying intensities of drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae 107: 245-253.

Tohidi-Moghaddam, H., Sani, B., and Ghooshchi, F. 2004. The effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing microorganism on some quantitative parameters on soybean from sustainable agricultural point of views. Proceeding of 8th Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress of Iran, Guilan University, Iran.

Troehza Loynachan T.E. 2003. Endomycorrhizal fungi survival in continuous corn, soybean and fallow. Agronomy Journal 95(1): 224-230.

Veysi, H., Heidari, G.R., and Sohrabi, Y. 2017. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of Agroecology 8(4): 567-582. (In Persian with English Summary)

Weissn, E.A. 2000. Oilseed crops. 2ndedition. Oxford, Blackwell Science. Oxford, U.K. 42: 1-13. 5: 4-10. 594.

Zubarer, M.A., Chowdhury, A.K. M.M.B., Islam, M.Z., Ahmed, T., and Hasan, M.A. 2007. Effects of water stress on growth and yield attributes of Aman rice genotypes. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 2(6): 25-30.