اثر همزیستی با گونه‌های میکوریزا و پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در سطوح تنش خشکی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 19، دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، دی 1397، صفحه 1229-1244   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i4.63405

نویسندگان

عبدالحسین عسکری¹؛ محمد رضا اردکانی^{* 1}؛ سعید وزان¹؛ فرزاد پاک نژاد¹؛ یعقوب حسینی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی،بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی، پرایمینگ بذر و همزیستی با گونه­های قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) به­صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 3  تکرار در سال­های 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی حاجی­آباد هرمزگان اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی تنش خشکی شامل: آبیاری بر اساس تأمین 100درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (آبیاری نرمال)، تأمین70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش ملایم) و تأمین50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش شدید)، فاکتور فرعی پرایمینگ در سه سطح: بدون پرایمینگ (شاهد)، هیدروپرایمینگ و اسموپرایمینگ و فاکتور فرعی دیگر شامل سطوح قارچ میکوریزا: بدون استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا (شاهد)، استفاده از گونه‌هایGlomus mosseae  و Glomus intraradices بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده­ها نشان داد که اثر ساده تنش خشکی تأثیری معنی­دار (P≤0.01) بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی داشت. اثر تلقیح میکوریزا بر تمامی پاسخ­های گیاهی اندازه­گیری شده (P≤0.01) و تیمار پرایمینگ بر صفت تعداد دانه در هر کپسول (P≤0.01) و همچنین بر صفات وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک دارای تأثیری معنی­دار (P≤0.05) بود. اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری × میکوریزا فقط بر صفت عملکرد دانه (P≤0.05)، اثرات برهمکنش میکوریزا × پرایمینگ بر صفت تعداد دانه در هر کپسول (P≤0.01) و بر صفت وزن هزاردانه (P≤0.05) معنی­دار بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و تمامی صفات اندازه گیری شده، مربوط به آبیاری با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (آبیاری نرمال) به­دست آمد. افزایش مقدار آبیاری از 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به 100 درصد نیاز آبی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به میزان­های 4/39 و 7/26 درصد بهبود بخشید. تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا گونه­های  G. mosseaeو  G. Intraradices نسبت به عدم مصرف قارچ میکوریزا، عملکرد دانه را به میزان­های 4/10 و 7/4 درصد بهبود داد. پرایمینگ بذر نسبت به عدم پرایم بذر عملکرد دانه را به میزان 2 درصد افزایش داد. هر چند تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد کنجد شد، ولی استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا شدت اثر آن را کاهش داد. همچنین، تأثیر دو گونه میکوریزا بر عملکرد کنجد و اثر آنها بر کاهش خسارت تنش متفاوت بود، به­طوری­که قارچ میکوریزا G. mosseae دارای قدرت همزیستی بیشتری در مقایسه با G. intraradices بود و از افت شدید عملکرد کنجد در شرایط تنش خشکی جلوگیری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی : عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ نیاز آبی؛ همزیستی میکوریزایی؛ هیدروپرایمیگ

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