تعیین زمان برداشت مناسب و قابلیت انبارمانی تعدادی از ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش ”به“ (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) در شرایط سردخانه

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 4، اسفند 1398، صفحه 639-653   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v33i4.74752

نویسندگان

مریم تاتاری^{* 1}؛ مهرداد محلوجی²؛ ابراهیم قربانی²

¹مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

چکیده

نتیجه شناسایی و جمع­آوری ژنوتیپ­های ”به“ در استان اصفهان، دستیابی به ژنوتیپ­های امید­بخش”به“ بوده است. با توجه به اینکه ارزیابی خصوصیات انبارمانی و تعیین میزان مقاومت به نابسامانی­های پس از برداشت در محصولات باغی از اهمیت وافری برخوردار است، این تحقیق با هدف تعیین مناسب­ترین زمان برداشت و بررسی طول دوره انبارمانی برخی ژنوتیپ­های امید­بخش ”به“ حاصل از جمع­آوری ژرم­پلاسم انجام گرفت. به این منظور میوه­های ارقام ”به“ ویدوجا و ”به“ اصفهان به همراه ژنوتیپ­های KVD2 و KVD4 به عنوان ژنوتیپ­های امید­بخش در تاریخ­های 15، 23 و 30 مهر ماه سال 1395 از ایستگاه تحقیقات مبارکه برداشت شدند. میوه­ها به سردخانه با دمای 1±0 درجه سانتی­گراد و رطوبت نسبی 5±90 درصد منتقل گردیدند. صفات مورد ارزیابی در زمان برداشت و نیز در فواصل یک ماهه به مدت پنج ماه پس از نگهداری در سردخانه طی آزمایش فاکتوریل در پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و 10 میوه در هر تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. طبق نتایج، بیش­ترین کاهش وزن در ماه پنجم انبارمانی دیده شد. در این ماه، ”به“ اصفهان و ویدوجا به ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین درصد کاهش وزن را نشان دادند. بیش­ترین مواد جامد محلول و شاخص طعم در برداشت سوم و ماه پنجم و چهارم انبارمانی دیده شد. بیش­ترین شاخص طعم متعلق به ”به“ اصفهان و ویدوجا بود. بیش­ترین سفتی بافت میوه در زمان برداشت برای ”به“ اصفهان و ژنوتیپ KVD2 و کم­ترین آن برای ژنوتیپ KVD4 و پس از پنج ماه انبارمانی به دست آمد. ژنوتیپ KVD4 در زمان برداشت، بیش­ترین و ”به“ اصفهان، ویدوجا و KVD2 پس از انبارمانی پنج ماهه کم­ترین محتوای فنول کل را نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ KVD4 و ”به“ اصفهان در زمان برداشت بیش­ترین محتوای پکتین را نشان دادند. افزایش دوره انبارمانی مقدار پکتین و فنول را کاهش داد. قهوه­ای شدن سطحی از ماه چهارم انبارمانی آغاز شد و اختلاف معنی­داری با مقدار این صفت در ماه پنجم نداشت. در نهایت بهترین زمان برداشت برای ارقام و ژنوتیپ­های اصفهان، ویدوجا، KVD2 و KVD4 به ترتیب 185، 200، 200 و 193 روز پس از تمام گل بود. نگهداری میوه ارقام ”به“ اصفهان و ویدوجا و ژنوتیپ KVD4 به مدت چهار ماه و میوه ژنوتیپ KVD2 به مدت پنج ماه در سردخانه قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پس از برداشت؛ قهوه ای شدن سطحی؛ پکتین؛ محتوای فنل

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