تأثیر مدیریت بقایای گیاهی و نیتروژن بر پویایی و رشد جمعیت علف‏های‏هرز مزرعه پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 13، دوره 32، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1397، صفحه 607-621   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v32i4.72484

نویسندگان

سید وحید اسلامی^* ؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی؛ موسی فرهمند

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

اجرای سیستم‏های کشاورزی حفاظتی که دربردارندۀ استفاده مؤثر از بقایای محصول قبلی و روش‏های کم‏خاکورزی است در مناطق خشکی چون خراسان جنوبی که مقدار ماده آلی خاک بسیار پایین است از ضروریات انکارناپذیر است. طبیعی است در حرکت به سوی چنین سیستم‏هایی، ارکان مختلف بوم نظام‏های زراعی از جمله وضعیت رشدی علف‏های هرز تغییر خواهد نمود. با توجه به این مهم، جهت بررسی مدیریت بقایای گیاهی و نیتروژن بر پویایی و رشد جمعیت علف‏های هرز مزرعه پنبه، تحقیقی مزرعه‏ای به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی نوع شخم شامل خاک‌ورزی معمول (شخم برگردان‏دار) و کم خاک‌ورزی (شخم با دیسک) و عامل فرعی شامل دو سطح نیتروژن (50 و 150 کیلو‏گرم در هکتار) و پنج سطح میزان بقایای جو (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد بترتیب معادل صفر، 77، 154، 231، 308 گرم بقایای جو در متر مربع) بود که به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‏های فرعی به‌صورت تصادفی توزیع گردید. برآیند نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد شخم برگردان‏دار به همراه مصرف نیتروژن کمتر، موجب کاهش معنی‏داری در وزن خشک (45%)، تراکم (50%) و شاخص سطح برگ (70%) علف‏های هرز در مقایسه با شخم با دیسک و مصرف نیتروژن زیاد شد. همچنین استفاده از مقدار بالای بقایای گیاهی جو موجب کاهش معنی‏دار شاخص‏های رشدی و تراکم علف‏های هرز در طول فصل شد. به نظر می‏رسد برگرداندن کامل بقایای گیاهی جو همراه با مصرف مقدار کم نیتروژن در سیستم شخم برگردان راهکار مناسبی جهت کاهش فشار علف‏های هرز در مزرعه پنبه خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شخم برگردان؛ شخم کاهشی؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کشاورزی حفاظتی

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