ارزیابی خطرپذیری آلودگی عناصر سنگین در خاک ها و برخی محصولات کشاورزی در اطراف شهر و مناطق صنعتی زنجان

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 29، شماره 1، فروردین 1394، صفحه 151-163   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.27750

نویسندگان

علی افشاری^{* 1}؛ حسین خادمی¹؛ شمس الله ایوبی²

¹دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

²دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان-دانشکده کشاورزی

چکیده

عناصر سنگین ترکیباتی هستند که به طور طبیعی در خاک وجود دارند یا در نتیجه فعالیت‌های انسان وارد خاک می‌شوند. مهم‌ترین مسیر در معرض قرار گرفتن عناصر سنگین مصرف روزانه مواد غذایی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین غلظت عناصر سنگین در خاک و برخی محصولات کشاورزی اطراف مناطق شهری و صنعتی زنجان و احتمال خطرپذیری از مصرف آنها انجام گردید. تعداد 75 نمونه خاک سطحی (عمق 0 تا 10 سانتی‌متر) و 101 نمونه از محصولات کشاورزی اطراف مناطق شهری و صنعتی برداشت گردید و تجزیه‌های آزمایشگاهی در نمونه خاک‌ها و گیاهان مختلف انجام شد. میانگین غلظت کل و قابل جذب عناصر به ترتیب برای مس 4/52 و 47/4، روی 8/264 و 15/23، سرب 7/105 و 81/16، نیکل 7/47 و 20/1 و کروم کل 7/21 میلی-گرم برکیلوگرم خاک به دست آمد. همچنین غلظت عناصر سنگین در گیاهان مختلف نشان داد که سبزیجات بیشترین سهم را در جذب و انباشت فلزات نشان می‌دهند. بالاترین مقادیر Zn (شاهی)، Pb (شوید)، Cu (تره)، Ni (ریحان) و Cr (ریحان) به ترتیب با غلظت‌های 25/150، 25/41، 13/23، 46/6 و 47/3 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم و کمترین مقدار فلزات مورد بررسی در میوه سیب و بذر گندم و جو مشاهده شد. به صورت کلی میزان جذب فلزات در گیاهان مختلف بدین صورت بدست آمد (Zn>>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr). فاکتور تجمعی (BAF) فلزات در گیاهان به ترتیب Zn=Cu>Pb>>Cr>Ni حاصل شد. احتمال خطرپذیری (HQ) به بیماری‌های غیرسرطانی برای هر یک از عناصر (به جز سرب) در دو گروه سنی کودکان و بزرگسالان کم‌تر از یک به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد مصرف‌کنندگان از این محصولات در محدوده امن از نظر تأثیرات سوء بیماری‌های غیرسرطانی قرار گرفتند. همچنین مقدار احتمال خطرپذیری کل (THQ) در کودکان بیشتر از بزرگسالان بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عناصر سنگین؛ خاک؛ محصولات کشاورزی؛ خطرپذیری زیستی؛ زنجان

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