ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارزن معمولی و سویا در کشت مخلوط تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی در منطقه همدان

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، دی 1397، صفحه 761-779   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i4.66825

نویسندگان

سمیه حاجی نیا¹؛ گودرز احمدوند^{* 1}؛ علی اشرف مهرابی²

¹دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

²دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارزن و سویا تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا در سال زراعی 95-1394، به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. کرت اصلی شامل کم‌آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی آب از تشت تبخیر کلاس A) و کرت‌های فرعی نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی در پنج سطح 33 درصد ارزن+ 67 درصد سویا، 50 درصد ارزن+ 50 درصد سویا،67 درصد ارزن+ 33 درصد سویا و تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل غلظت کلروفیل، ارتفاع بوته، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه ارزن معمولی و سویا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با اعمال تنش کم‌آبی، غلظت کلروفیل برگ ارزن و سویا کاهش یافت. غلظت کلروفیل برگ سویا و ارزن در نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط بالاتر از کشت خالص آن‌ها بود. بیشترین تعداد خوشه در بوته و تعداد دانه در خوشه ارزن در نسبت‌های (50 درصد سویا: 50 درصد ارزن) و (67 درصد سویا: 33 درصد ارزن) در شرایط عدم تنش کم‌آبی و کمترین میزان آن‌ها در کشت خالص ارزن تحت شرایط تنش شدید کم‌آبی مشاهده شد. تنش کم‌آبی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن صد دانه سویا شد. نسبت کاشت (50 درصد سویا: 50 درصد ارزن) تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در غلاف سویا را افزایش داد. نسبت کاشت (50 درصد سویا: 50 درصد ارزن) تحت شرایط تنش شدید کم‌آبی، بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین 14/1 را به خود اختصاص داد. به‌طور کلی، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که بهترین نسبت کشت مخلوط برای به‌دست آوردن حداکثر عملکرد دانه ارزن و سویا نسبت کشت (50 درصد سویا: درصد 50 ارزن) در سطوح مختلف کم‌آبیاری بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ الگوی کاشت؛ کلروفیل؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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