اثر حاصلخیزکننده‌های آلی و شیمیایی بر صفات مؤثر بر درصد جذب نور و عصاره‌ی گیاه دارویی شاهدانه (Cannabis sativa L.) در بیرجند

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، دی 1397، صفحه 781-795   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i4.69063

نویسندگان

سمانه لاله^* ؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی؛ سهیل پارسا

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

فراهمی مواد غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه و توانایی بهره‌مندی هرچه بیشتر از نور محیط، بر رشد و سنتز مواد مؤثره‌ی گیاهان دارویی اهمیت دارد. جهت بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی بر صفات مؤثر بر جذب نور و عصاره‌ی الکلی گیاه دارویی شاهدانه، آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 1393 و 1394 به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل کود دامی (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار کود گاوی پوسیده شده) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و کود نیتروژن (صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع کود اوره) به همراه کود فسفر (صفر و 80 کیلوگرم فسفر خالص در هکتار از منبع کود سوپرفسفات تریپل) به‌صورت فاکتوریل به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در این تحقیق شامل ارتفاع و قطر ساقه، سطح و تعداد برگ، درصد نیتروژن برگ، درصد جذب نور، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه، درصد عصاره الکلی برگ و دانه بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جذب نور بیشترین همبستگی را به‌ترتیب با تعداد برگ (**676/0)، ارتفاع ساقه (**621/0)، نیتروژن برگ (**543/0) و قطر ساقه (**481/0) داشت. افزایش وزن خشک برگ و ساقه تحت تأثیر کود دامی، نیتروژن و فسفر در افزایش درصد عصاره الکلی برگ و دانه مؤثر بود. کاربرد 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌ترتیب با 12/20 و 22/20 درصد، بیشترین محتوای عصاره الکلی برگ شاهدانه را تولید نمودند. بیشترین عصاره الکلی دانه در تیمار تلفیقی 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی به همراه 80 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار به‌دست آمد. درمجموع یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که در سطوح صفر، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی با افزایش سطح نیتروژن، جذب نور در شاهدانه افزایش یافت و در تیمار 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی، کاربرد نیتروژن تا سطح 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار، جذب نور توسط گیاه را افزایش داد و با افزایش بیشتر سطح نیتروژن، جذب نور در شاهدانه کاهش یافت. کود دامی 30 تن در هکتار با تأمین فسفر و نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه جهت افزایش عصاره الکلی برگ و دانه می‌تواند در کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفر و نیتروژن در شاهدانه مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فسفر؛ کود گاوی؛ نیتروژن؛ وزن خشک برگ؛ وزن خشک ساقه

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