اثر مدیریت‌های مختلف زراعی بر برخی شاخص‌های فیزیکی کیفیت خاک

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 64، تابستان 1398، صفحه 275-288  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i2.69543

نویسندگان

ارسلان صادقیان؛ غلام عباس صیاد؛ احمد فرخیان فیروزی ؛ مجتبی نوروزی مصیر

شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

خاک از جمله منابع طبیعی دیر تجدید شونده است که تخریب و یا حفاظت آن بستگی به نحوه استفاده و مدیریت اراضی دارد. مدیریت‌های زراعی مختلف تأثیرات متفاوتی بر شاخص­های کیفی خاک می‌گذارند. در این تحقیق اثر مدیریت‌های زراعی­های مختلف بر برخی از شاخص­های فیزیکی کیفیت خاک شامل مقدار مواد آلی، تخلخل، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، پایداری خاکدانه، ظرفیت آب قابل دسترس، مقاومت فروروی، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و شیب منحنی رطوبتی در نقطه عطف) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور سه مزرعه با مدیریت‌های زراعی مختلف شامل سیستم تک کشتی-حذف بقایای گیاهی، تناوب زراعی- حذف بقایای گیاهی و تک کشتی-حفظ بقایا گیاهی در سطح انتخاب شدند. آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های تصادفی با چهار تکرار صورت گرفت. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که نوع مدیریت زراعی در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر همه پارامترهای فیزیکی مورد مطالعه اثر معنی‌دار داشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که در روش مدیریت زراعی تک کشتی- حذف بقایای گیاهی، مقدار جرم مخصوص ظاهری (31/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب) و مقاومت فروروی خاک (40/0 مگاپاسکال) بیشتر از تیمارهای دیگر بود، در حالی‌که بیشترین مقدار مواد آلی (038/1 %)، تخلخل (7/55 درصد)، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه (04/1 میلی‌متر)، شاخص پایداری خاکدانه­ها (28 درصد)، ظرفیت آب قابل دسترس (15/0 درصد)، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع (17/46 سانتی‌متر بر ساعت) و شیب منحنی رطوبتی در نقطه عطف (053/0) در تیمار سیستم تک کشتی-با حفظ بقایای گیاهی مشاهده شد. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نتایج نشان داد که سیستم تک کشتی-با حفظ بقایا گیاهی در افزایش کیفیت فیزیکی خاک نقشی بسزایی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص های کیفی خاک؛ مدیریت بقایا؛ مدیریت تناوب زراعی؛ ویژگی های فیزیکی

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