پیامد کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا بر برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی ارقام گندم در خاک آلوده به سرب

آب و خاک

مقاله 11، دوره 34، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 70، خرداد 1399، صفحه 393-408   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i2.81215

نویسندگان

کاوه کیانی جم¹؛ محمدرضا بی همتا^{* 2}؛ داود حبیبی¹؛ احمد اصغرزاده³؛ علی صارمی راد¹

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

²دانشکده کشاورزی کرج

³مؤسسه تحقیقاتی آب و خاک کرج

چکیده

افزایش آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین یکی از مهم‌ترین موضوعات در سراسر جهان به شمار می‌رود که امروزه در کانون توجهات قرار گرفته است. سرب به‌عنوان یکی از خطرناک‌ترین فلزات سنگین و آلاینده‌های شیمیایی پایدار، بر محیط‌زیست به‌خصوص فعالیت‌های متابولیکی و فیزیولوژیکی موجودات زنده تأثیر می‌گذارد و در نهایت به‌سلامت محیط‌زیست و انسان آسیب‌های جدی وارد می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد و عدم کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا (Rhizophagus irregularis) بر میزان فعالیت برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی 10 ژنوتیپ گندم در سه غلظت مختلف سرب (0، 218 و 437 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) در خاک انجام گردید. با افزایش غلظت سرب، میزان مالون دی آلدهید نیز افزایش یافت که در نتیجه‌ی تخریب سلول‌های گیاهی می‌باشد. مقادیر پرولین رقم پارس در هر دو تیمار عدم کاربرد و کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا در غلظت 218 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم سرب و نیز رقم سیروان در تیمار عدم کاربرد قارچ و غلظت 218 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم سرب به ترتیب در بالاترین مقدار قرار داشت. فعالیت کاتالاز رقم بهار در تیمار عدم کاربرد قارچ با غلظت 218 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم سرب در بیشترین سطح بود. رقم روشن در غلظت 218 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم دارای فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز بالایی بود. پس ‌از این رقم، ارقام بک کراس روشن و پیشتاز در همین غلظت میزان بیش‌تری از فعالیت این آنزیم را به خود اختصاص دادند. مقدار پراکسید هیدروژن با تغییر غلظت سرب از 0 به 218 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم کاهش نشان داد، درحالی‌که در غلظت 437 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم مقدار آن افزایش داشت. با افزایش غلظت سرب میزان کلروفیل a کاهش و میزان کلروفیل b افزایش یافت. کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا بر آنزیم‌های مالون دی آلدئید، پرولین، کاتالاز و پراکسید هیدروژن تأثیرگذار بود و سبب کاهش مقدار این آنزیم‌ها در مقایسه با شاهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آسکوربات پراکسیداز؛ پرولین؛ کاتالاز؛ آلاینده شیمیایی،؛ سلول

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