اثر حجم نقدینگی بر فساد در کشورهای منتخب حوزه منا

اقتصاد پولی مالی

مقاله 7، دوره 27، شماره 19، بهار و تابستان 1399، صفحه 165-192  

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/mfe.2021.39357

نویسندگان

محمد شریف کریمی ¹؛ آزاده شهاب²

¹استادیار اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و کار آفرینی،دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه.ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و کار آفرینی،دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه.ایران

چکیده

مهم­ترین آثار فساد در کشورهای درحال­توسعه این است که تلاش­های رقابت پذیری و فقرزدایی را ناکام می­سازد، موجب بی­اعتمادی مردم به دولت حاکم می­شود؛ با گسترش فساد عدالت در جامعه کمرنگ شده و جای خود را به فقر و کاهش رفاه افراد جامعه می­دهد. فساد به یکی از عوامل تأثیرگذار سد راه توسعه بخصوص در کشورهای عمده تولید کننده نفت تبدیل شده است؛ لذا شناخت و راه­های مقابله با آن در صدر برنامه­های توسعه قرار گرفته است. نقدینگی متغیر مهمی در اقتصاد است؛ رشد نقدینگی به دلایل مختلفی از جمله کسری بودجه دولت و استقراض از بانک مرکزی، افزایش نامتعارف سود بانکی و ... است. اگر نقدینگی واردکانال تولید شود موجب افزایش حجم تولید ناخالص داخلی و افزایش اشتغال و رشد می­شود؛ اما افزایش نقدینگی همراه با سرعت بالای گردش پول باعث توزیع رانت و فساد در کشور می­گردد. در بیشتر مطالعات صورت گرفته در زمینه علل فساد و راه­های مقابله با آن اغلب بر نقش دولت تأکید شده است و نقش بانک مرکزی و سیستم پرداخت در یک کشور نادیده گرفته شده است. با توجه به اهمیت اقتصادی و جغرافیایی کشورهای عمده تولید کننده نفت در این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر نقدینگی بر فساد کشورهای منطقه منا طی سال­های 2005-2018 با استفاده از روش گشتاور تعمیم یافته (GMM) پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان می­دهد میزان فساد دوره قبل و نقدینگی دوره جاری بر فساد تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. میزان تولید ناخالص داخلی بیشترین متغیرتأثیرگذار بر فساد کشورهای منا است؛ یک درصد افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه میزان فساد را به میزان 4.5 درصد کاهش می­دهد. نتایج این تحقیق در جهت­دهی سیاست­های بانک مرکزی و دولت ­های حاکم در هر کشور مفید می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فساد؛ نقدینگی؛ گشتاور تعمیم یافته؛ تولید ناخالص داخلی

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