تدوین مدل راهبردی (TOWS) در توسعه صنایع تبدیلی تکمیلی خرما در استان خوزستان

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1399، صفحه 463-481   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2021.17808.0

نویسنده

مسلم سواری^*

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف کلی تدوین یک مدل راهبردی (TOWS) در توسعه صنایع تبدیلی تکمیلی خرما در استان خوزستان انجام شد. در این پژوهش ابتدا با استفاده از مطالعات تحلیلی و ادبیات موضوع نقاط چهارگانه SWOT یعنی 7 قوت، 7 ضعف، 7 فرصت و 6 تهدید مشخص و سپس با استفاده از تکنیک AHP اولویت‏بندی شدند. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کارشناسان آگاه و متخصص موضوع در سازمان‏های ذیربط بودند که به طور هدفمند 24 نفر به عنوان نمونه برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. پردازش اطلاعات با تکنیک SWOT-AHP و با استفاده از نرم‏افزار Expert Choice‌ انجام شد. یافته‏های پژوهش نشان داد که در ارزیابی معیارها، نقاط ضعف، تهدید، قوت و فرصت اولویت‏های اول تا چهارم را به خود اختصاص دادند که نشان‏دهنده غالب بودن فضای مخاطره‏آمیز بر فضای مفید بود. علاوه بر این نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در میان نقاط قوت نقطه «کاهش ضایعات خرما و استفاده بهینه از آن در راستای افزایش قدرت اقتصادی مناطق»، نقاط ضعف «ضعف فناوری و عدم توان رقابت با کشورهای تولید کننده خرما»، نقاط فرصت «تغییر ترکیب محصولات صادراتی و رهایی از صادرات تک محصولی و فله‏ای» و نقاط تهدید «کاهش سرمایه‏گذاری در بخش کشاورزی و توسعه زیرکشت نخیلات» در دستیابی به توسعه صنایع تبدیلی تکمیلی از مهم‏ترین نقاط هستند. علاوه بر این، در اولویت‏بندی نواحی استراتژیک نتایج نشان داد که راهبرد اول WT یعنی راهبرد دفاعی، راهبرد دوم WO یعنی راهبرد انطباقی، راهبرد سوم راهبرد ST یعنی راهبرد اقتضایی و در نهایت آخرین راهبرد در موضوع مورد بررسی راهبرد SO یعنی راهبرد تهاجمی بود. با توجه به غالب بودن فضای مخاطره‏آمیز بر فضای مفید پیشنهاد می‏شود توجه ویژه‏ای به برطرف نمودن نقاط ضعف و تهدید شود زیرا عدم توجه به این مسئله در استان خوزستان به عنوان قطب تولیدکننده خرما ممکن است خطرات جبران‏ناپذیری را در بلندمدت به دنبال داشته باشد و جایگاه خود را در این زمینه از دست بدهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل SWOT-AHP؛ مدل راهبردی؛ صنایع روستایی؛ صنعتی‏ سازی؛ معیشت پایدار

مراجع

1- Abazari A., and Hosseini Yekani S.A. 2014. Prioritization of the Establishment of Agricultural Conversion and Complementary Industries (Case Study: Mazandaran Province). Agricultural Economics and Development Research 54(1): 174- 181.

2- Ahmadi Zadeh S., and Mostan A. 2018. Factors Inhibiting the Development and Development of Date Conversion and Supplementary Industries in Khuzestan Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development 25(4): 183-217. (In Persian)  

3- Alemu M.M. 2016. Sustainable Land Management. Journal of Environmental Protection 7(2): 502-506. 

4- Alimirzaie E., Asadi A., Malek Mohammadi I., and Tahmasbi I. 2011. Identification of the hindering factors for the development of palm farmers' organizations in Khuzestan province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 42(3): 335. (In Persian)  

5- Apeaning R.W. 2012. Energy Efficiency and Management in Industries: a case study of Ghana’s largest industrial area.

6- Apeaning R.W., and Thollander P. 2013. Barriers to and driving forces for industrial energy efficiency improvements in African industries–a case study of Ghana's largest industrial area. Journal of Cleaner Production 53: 204-213.

7- Azkia M., and Imani A. 2008. Sustainable rural development, Tehran, Etela’at publication.

8- Bahari I., Nori H., Taghdisi A., and Karimzadeh H. 2018. Challenges facing the development of agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Shabestar. Journal of Geography and Regional Development 16(1): 1-33. (In Persian)  

9- Baniasadi N., Samari D., Farajollah Hosseini S.J., and Omidi Najafabadi M. 2019. Development Strategies for Development and Conversion of Date Industries by the Entrepreneurship Approach in Rural Areas (Case Study: Bam Townships in Kerman Province). Development Strategies 4(24): 445-462. (In Persian)  

10- Basu A.K. 2013. Impact of Rural Employment Guarantee Schemes on Seasonal Labor Markets: Optimum Compensation and Workers’ Welfare. Journal of Economic Inequality 11(1): 1-34.

11- Bozorgmehr A., Rabbani Nasab M., Yavari A., and Heidari M. 2013. Development strategies horticulture processing industries in Northern Khorasan province Approach (SWOT) analysis of strategic factors, Agricultural Economics and Development 27(2): 103-113. (In Persian)

12- Bricas N. 2012. Strengths and weaknesses of Africa’s agrifood industries. Private Sector and Development (13): 6-9.

12- Das R., and Das A. 2011. Industrial Cluster: An Approach for Rural Development in North East India. International Journal of Trade. Economics and Finance 2(2): 161-165.

13- Davar Panah A.A., Noripour M., and Sharifi Z. 2014. The Role of Conversion Industries in Rural Waste Reduction. Journal of Rural Development Strategies 1(4): 39-53. (In Persian)  

14- Eghbali J., Asadi A., and Shabanali Fami H. 2018. Expansion of agro-processing industries in the county of Fereidan: challenges and perspectives. Journal of Rural Research 9(3): 360-375. (In Persian)  

15- Faggio, G., and Silva O. 2014. Self-employment and entrepreneurship in urban and rural labour markets. Journal of Urban Economics 84(2014): 67–85.

16- Faryab M., Ahmadvand M., and Karami A. 2019. Analysis of the consequences of establishing conversion and complementary industries in the agricultural sector Case: Central part of Jiroft city. Quarterly Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development 8(2): 223-228. (In Persian)  

17- Francesconia W., Srinivasanb R., Pérez-Minanac E., Willcockd S.P., and Quinteroe M. 2016. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model ecosystem services: A systematic review. Journal of Hydrology 535(6): 625-636.

18- Görener A., Toker K., and Ulucay K. 2012. Application of combined SWOT and AHP: a case study for a manufacturing firm. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences 58: 1525-1534.

19- Hai L.T., Schnitzer H., Thanh T.V., and Braunegg G. 2016. An integrated eco-model of agriculture and small-scale industry in craft villages toward cleaner production and sustainable development in rural areas- A case study from Mekong delta of Viet Nam. Journal of Cleaner Production 137(4): 274- 282.

20- Houben G., Lenie K., and Vanhoof K. 1999. A knowledge-based SWOT-analysis system as an instrument for strategic planning in small and medium sized enterprises. Decision Support Systems 26: 125-135.

21- Jeshari S., and Moradi E. 2019. Develop strategies for the development of agricultural economics in rural areas of Sistan and Baluchestan province with a futures research approach.  Quarterly Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development 8(3): 51-66. (In Persian)  

22- Jun H., and Xiang H. 2011. Development of Circular Economy Is a Fundamental Way to Achieve Agriculture Sustainable Development in China, Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS. Energy Procardia 5(2): 1530-1534.

23- Kahraman C., Demirel N., Demirel C., and Ates N.Y. 2008. A SWOT-AHP application using fuzzy concept: E-Government in Turkey, Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Book-Edited by Cengiz Kahraman, Springer Science-Business Media.

24- Kalantari K., Rahnama A., and Movahed Mohammadi H. 2010. An Analysis of Location Factors Affecting Establishment of Agricultural Product Processing Industries, North Khorasan Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 70: 35-47. (In Persian)  

25- Kangas J., Kurttila M., Kajanus M., and Kangas A. 2003. Evaluating the management strategies of a forestland estate-the S-O-S approach. Journal of Environmental Management 69: 349-358.

26- Keding G.B., Schneider K., and Jordan I. 2013. Production and processing of foods as core aspects of nutrition-sensitive agriculture and sustainable diets. Food Security 5(6): 825-846.

27- Khuzestan Agricultural Statistics Center. 2018. Annual Report of Agriculture Department. Agriculture, July. (In Persian)     

28- Kumar S. 2015. Rural Marketing of Agricultural Produce in India: Problems and Prospects, Global Journal of Engineering. Science & Social Science Studies 1(4): 1-13.

29- Liu Y., Huang J., and Zikhali P. 2016. The bittersweet fruits of industrialization in rural China: The cost of environment and the benefit from off-farm employment. China Economic Review 38(3): 1-10.

30- Marjit S. 1991. Agro-hased industry and rural-urban migration: Acase for an urban employment subsidiy, development Economic, 35.

31- Mehta G.S. 2012. Agro-processing industry in Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Planning Commission Government of India.

32- Mohammadi A., Roknadin Eftekhari A., and Pourtaheri M. 2020. Capacity management analysis of conversion and complementary industries in rural areas of Zirkuh city. Quarterly Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development 9(1): 95-112. (In Persian)  

33- Mokhiri N., Taj Sh., Estelaji A., and Motiei Langrodi S.H. 2019. Assessing the social effects of creating and expanding conversion and complementary industries in industrial estates on rural areas (Case study: Gorgan industrial estates). Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planing) 10(1): 715-728. (In Persian)  

34- Moradi Kh., Agahi H., Zarafshani K., and Papzan A. 2015. Qualitative Analysis of Processing Challenges of Convertible Fruit Industry in Kermanshah Province. Journal of Rural Research 6(3): 483-514. (In Persian)  

35- Muehlfeld K., Weitzel U., and Witteloostuijn A. 2011. Mergers and acquisitions in the global food processing industry in 1986–2006. Food Policy 4: 466-479.

36- Nair V., and Whitelaw A.P. 2015. Redefining Rural Tourism in Malaysia: A Conceptual Perspective. Journal Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 20(3): 314-337.

37- Noshad M., Savari M., and Roueita G.A. 2018. Hybrid AHP-TOPSIS method for prospectively modeling of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration of strawberry. J Food Process Eng. 2018;e12928. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe. 12928.

38- Nosrati F., and Imani B. 2010. Challenges of Rural Industries in Iran. 29 (129): 97-86. (In Persian)  

39- Nouri S.H., Amini A., and Soleimani N. 2012. Locating Date Processing and Commodity Industries in Kazeroun. Spatial Planning Magazine 2(3): 23-34.

40- Olaoye O.A. 2014. Potentials of the agro industry towards achieving food security in Nigeria and Other Sub-Saharan African Countries. Journal of Food Security 2(1): 33-41.

41- Pahang S. 2018. Identifying and Prioritizing Rural Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in the Development of Agricultural Conversion and Supplementary Industries in Saravan with approach SWOT. Work and Society Monthly 224: 4-13. (In Persian)  

42- Pourrmazan I., and Akbari Z. 2014. The Effects of the Conversion and Complementary Industries of the Agricultural Division on the Rural Economy Case: Central District of Rasht. Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development 3(4): 145- 164.

43- Rahmanian Koshki M., Mahdavi M., aand Khaledi Sh. 2016. Analysis of the Promoting Factors and Barriers to the Process of Entrepreneurial Development with Emphasis on Complementary Conversion Industries in Agriculture. New Attitudes in Human Geography 9(1): 53-70. (In Persian)  

44- Razzaghi Borkhan F., and Mohammadi Y. 2018. The Design of TOWS Strategic Model for Rural and Agricultural Tourism Development of Mazandaran Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 49(3): 509-525. (In Persian)

45-Ranjbar A., Danesvar Amer Zh., and Kalantari Kh. 2018. Strategies Formulation for Development of Horticultural Crops Processing Industries in Markazi Province. Agricultural Economics and Development Research 49(4): 123-167.

46- Rezvani M.R., and Akbarpour Saraskanroud M. 2011. Analyzes credit demand function of rural processing industries, case study: eastern Azerbaijan. Journal of Zonal Planning 1(1): 1-15.

47- Saidi Rezvani A. 1995. Cottage industries and rural youth occupation. Monthly Jahad, fifteenth year, 175: 22-26.

48- Sarani V., Shahpasand M., and Savari M. 2013. Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship among the rural women in Divan-Darreh City using by grounded theory. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 4(5): 1302-1308.

49- Savari M., Eslami M., and Monavarifard F. 2013. The impact of social capital on agricultural employees' job satisfaction, city of Divandarreh. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 4(2): 291-295.

50- Savari S., Shabanali Fami H., and Daneshvar Ameri Z. 2015. Rural women's empowerment in improving household food security in the Divandarreh County. Journal of Research and Rural Planning 3(4): 107-121.

51- Savari M., and Shokati Amghani M. 2020. Factors influencing farmers’ adaptation strategies in confronting the drought in Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-24.

52- Savari M., Damaneh H.E., and Damaneh H.E. 2020. Factors influencing local people’s participation in sustainable forest management. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13(13): 1-13.

53- Savari M., Eskandari Damaneh H., and Damaneh H.E. 2020. Factors influencing farmers’ management behaviors toward coping with drought: evidence from Iran. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1-49.

54- Savari M., Sheykhi H., and Amghani M.S. 2020. The role of educational channels in the motivating of rural women to improve household food security. One Health 10: 100150.

55- Shinno H., Yoshioka H., Marpaung S., and Hachiga S. 2006.  Quantitative SWOT analysis on global competitiveness of machine tool industry, Journal of Engineering Design 17: 251-258.

56- Singh S.P., Tegegne F., annd Ekenem E. 2012. The food processing industry in India: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Food Distribution Research 43(1): 81-89.

57- Slee R.W. 1991. Farm diversification and on form processing. Scottish gric. EconPer 6:39-49.

58- Sundar K. 2009. Rural Industrialisation: Challenges and Proposition, Commerce Wing DDE. Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.

59- Tansel Y.T. 2012. Development of a credit limit allocation model for banks using an integrated fuzzy TOPSIS and linear programming. Expert Systems with Applications 39(5): 5309-5316.

60-Tuolabi Nejad M., and Hosseinjani A. 2018. Rural conversional and complementary industry optimal location of townshipPoldokhtar using ANP and GIS. Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning 13(3): 781-804. http://jshsp.iaurasht.ac.ir/article_545187.

61- Tuzmen S., and Sipahi S. 2011. A multi-criteria factor evaluation model for gas station site selection, 2nd International Conference on Business and Economic Research (2nd ICBER 2011) Proceedings, 601-610.

62- Vadivelu A., and Kiran B.R. 2013. Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in India: an Overview. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 3(3): 108-118.

63- Walkers V. 2007. Policy Innovation for Rural Sustainable Development. New York: USA Rural Policy Research Institute.

64- Watanabe M., Jinji N., and Kurihara M. 2009. Is the development of the agro- processing industry pro-poor? The case of Thailand. Journal of Asian Economic 20: 443-445.

65- Weng L., Boedhihartono A.K., Dirks P.H., Dixon J., Lubis M.I., and Sayer J.A. 2013. Mineral industries, growth corridors and agricultural development in Africa. Global Food Security 2(3): 195-202.

66- Wickramasinghe V., and Takano S. 2009. Application of combined SWOT and analytichierarchy process (AHP) for tourism revival strategic marketing planning: a case for Lanka tourism. J. East. Asia Soc. Transp. Stud. 8: 954–969.

67- Yavuz F., and Baycan T. 2013. Use of SWOT and analytic hierarchy process integration as participatory decision making tool in watershed management. Procedia Technol, 8: 134–143. (In Persian)  

68- Zahedian Tajnaki R., Mojaverian M., and Hossieni A. 2019. Time or place? Which one is more effective in exploiting agricultural conversion and complementary industries?. Journal of Economics and Agricultural Development 33(3): 251-263. (In Persian)