تأثیر پرتو فرابنفش بر رشد، مورفولوژی و فنولوژی سه رقم گل گندم (Centaurea cyanus)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 8، دوره 35، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 51، آذر 1400، صفحه 413-425  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.61939.0

نویسندگان

مهدی رستگار¹؛ حسن مومیوند ²؛ علیرضا شایگان فر³؛ عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد⁴

¹دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

²استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

³استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ایران

⁴استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های گذشته فعالیت‌های انسانی موجب اثرات نامطلوبی بر اتمسفر و لایه ازن استراتوسفری و در نتیجه افزایش میزان پرتو فرابنفش خورشید در سطح کره زمین به‌‌ویژه در ارتفاعات شده است. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر پرتو فرابنفش بر رشد، خصوصیات مورفولوژی و فنولوژی سه رقم گل گندم در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه‌ کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. پرتو فرابنفش در چهار سطح به‌عنوان عامل اول (شامل: شاهد، پرتو فرابنفش A، پرتو فرابنفش B و پرتو فرابنفش A+B) و سه رقم گل گندم (ارقام صورتی C. cyanus var. Kornblume pink، قرمز C. cyanus var. Kornblume rot و آبی C. cyanus var. Kornblume blau) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار پرتو فرابنفش B و کاربرد همزمان فرابنفش A و B منجر به کاهش اغلب صفات مورفولوژی و صفات وابسته به رشد و عملکرد گیاه گردید. تیمار پرتو فرابنفش A باعث کاهش طول ساقه گل‌دهنده و وزن‌تر و خشک بوته در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. بررسی نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد پرتو فرابنفش A منجر به کاهش تعداد روز تا ظهور اولین غنچه گل و تعداد روز تا باز شدن اولین گل در ارقام گل گندم نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. تیمار پرتو فرابفش B باعث گلدهی زودتر گل گندم در مقایسه با فرابنفش A گردید. با این‌حال سریع‌ترین ورود به فاز زایشی و گلدهی ارقام گل گندم با کاربرد همزمان فرابنفش A و B مشاهده شد. با وجود این‌که رقم Kornblume rot از رشد رویشی بیشتری برخوردار بود، رقم Kornblume pink با داشتن تعداد گل‌های بیشتر، بالاترین عملکرد گل و گلدهی سریع‎تر نسبت به سایر ارقام مورد مطالعه برای کشت مناسب‌تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییرات اقلیمی؛ فرابنفش A؛ فرابنفش B؛ گیاهان دارویی

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