Introduction: Iran has the most diverse and richest gene pool of pomegranate cultivars in the world. Drought is the most common environmental stress and the most important limiting factor of agricultural production in the world and limits production in almost 25% of the world's agricultural lands. One of the most harmful effects of dehydration stress is disruption of the process of absorption and accumulation of nutrients. Among nutrients, potassium is one of the most important cations required by plants, which has been reported to accumulate during osmotic stress. The role of this cation in osmotic regulation and stomatal control has been described. Due to the fact that drought stress is one of the limiting factors for agricultural production, therefore, research on the mechanism of plant resistance to water scarcity is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the response of six Iranian commercial pomegranate cultivars to drought stress based on the amount of some leaf nutrients.
Materials and Methods: The executive operations of this research were carried out in the research greenhouse of Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center with a temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 70%. The experiments were performed due to similar climatic conditions of Lorestan and Kermanshah provinces. The plant materials used in this study were annual rooted seedlings of six pomegranate cultivars. This study is a factorial experiment with two factors: 1- Pomegranate cultivar in six levels (RababNeyriz, NaderyBadrood, ShishehcapFerdous, ArdestanyMahvelat, Malase Yazd and ShirinShavar Yazd) and 2- Drought stress in three levels including non-stress drought (80% of field moisture, control), moderate drought (60% of field moisture) and severe drought (40% of field moisture) were screened in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. All data obtained from the experiments of this study were statistically analyzed by SAS-9.1 software and the comparison of the mean of the simple effect of the treatments was performed using Duncan's multiple range test. The comparison of the mean interaction of the treatments was performed by SAS and MSTAT-C software using Duncan's multiple range test. Graphs were drawn using Excel software.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that the amount of nutrients in all studied cultivars was affected by drought stress, but the response to stress was different. The amount of nutrients of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, sodium and phosphorus based on dry weight decreased under drought stress conditions while the concentration of potassium under drought stress increased. Based on the results of this study, Rabab Neyriz and Malase Yazd cultivars had more tolerance to drought stress in terms of nutrient uptake compared to other cultivars, respectively. Highest levels of iron (126.9 mg.g-1), zinc (39.9 mg.g-1), copper (13 mg.g-1), manganese (51.8 mg.g-1) and potassium (2.11% was obtained from Rabab Neyriz cultivar. Therefore, the use of this cultivar in drought stress conditions is recommended. Among the studied cultivars, Naderi Badroud and Ardestani Mehvalat had the highest sensitivity to drought stress and Shirin Shahvar Yazd and Shishecap Ferdows cultivars showed moderate resistance in this regard.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it showed that Rabab Neyriz and Malase Yazd cultivars have high tolerance to drought stress and are also able to show a better response to nutrient uptake under drought stress conditions. Between these two cultivars, Rabab Neyriz cultivar had higher absorption of iron, zinc, copper, manganese and potassium and was considered the superior cultivar in this regard. |
- 2011. Horticulture Crop Results Statistics Vezarah Jihad Press, P: 95. (In Persian)
- Arji I., and Arzani K. 2002. Evaluation of the Growth Response and Prolin Accumulation of Three Iranian Native Olive Cultivars under Drought Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resurce 91-101. (In Persian with English abstract)
- Arzani K. 2000. Study on the adaptation of some Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotinaRehd. in Iran. VIII International Symposium on pear, 5- 10 September. Bologna, Itaky. P. 79. (In Persian)
- Ashly M.K., Grant M., and Grabov A. 2006. Plant responses to potassium deficiencies: a role for potassium transport proteins. Experimental Botany 57: 425-436.
- Avaz K., and Nasyreimhalatei M. 1994. Agronomy Plant Ecology, Jehad Daneshgahi Press pp: 291. (In Persian)
- Babalar M., and Pirmoradian M. 1999. Fruits Tree Nutrition, Tehran University Press. Pp; 361. (In Persian)
- Banziger M., Edmeades GO., and Lafitte HR. 1999. Selection for drought tolerance increase maize yields over of N level. Crop Science 39: 1035-1040.
- Behzadeishrbabahei H. 1998. Diversity Of Pomegranate Cultivars Bof Iran Karaj Agricultur Education, PP: 265. (In Persian)
- Bradford K.J., and Hsiao TC. 1982. Physiological responses to moderate water stress. Physiological Plant Ecology 263-324.
- Chapman H.I., and Pratt P.F. 1961. Methods of Analysis for Soils, Plants and Waters. The University of California's Division of Agricultural Science, Berkeley, California, USA.
- El-Fouly M., Mobarak Z.M., and Salama Z.A. 2001. Micronutrient spray as a tool to increase tolerance of faba bean and wheat plants to salinity. Proc. of XIV Intl. Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 28 July- 4 Aug., 2001, Hanover, Germany, pp. 422-423
- Faizizadeh M., And Samadi A. 2016. Estimation of reference figures of the integrated system of diagnosis and recommendation for evaluating the nutritional status of onions. Iranian Soil and Water Research 47(4): 785-797.
- Graham RD. 1993. Effect of nutrient stress on susceptibility of plants to disease with particular reference to trace elements. Advances in Botanical Research 10: 221-276.
- Hassibi P. 2007. Physiological study of the effect of cold stress on seedling stage of different rice genotypes. Doctoral dissertation of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. P.145.
- Ji K., Wang Y., Sun W., Lou Q., Mei H., Shen S., and Chen H. 1012. Drought-responsive mechanisms in rice genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance during reproductive stage. Plant Physiology 169: 336-344.
- Kafei M., and Mahdavei Damghanei A.M. 2009. Mechanisms of environmental stress resistance in plants, Ferdousi Mashhad University press pp 476. (In Persian)
- Kaur G., Jabbar Z., Athar M., and Alam M.S. 2006. Punica granatum (pomegranate) flower extract possesses potent antioxidant activity and abrogates FeNTA induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 44: 984-993.
- Khattab M.M., Shaban A.E., El-shrief A.H., and El-deen Mohamad A.S. 2011. Growth and Productivity of Pomegranate Trees under Different Irrigation Levels. III: Leaf Pigments, Proline and Mineral Content. Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants 3: 265-269.
- Logan T.J., Goins L.E., and Jlidsay B. 1997. Field assessment of trace element uptake by six vegetables from N-viro soil. Water Environmental Research 69: 28-33.
- Marchner H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plant, Second Reprint Academic press. pp: 6-73.
- Martinez X.D. 2010. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on vegetative growth yield and fruit quality in peaches (Prunus persica Batsch cv. Andross) for processing, PhD thesis Lleida University Spain, 136 p.
- Miguel M.G., Neves M.A., and Antunes M.D. 2010. Pomegranate (Punica granatum): A medicinal plant with myriad biological properties - A short review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(25): 2836-2847.
- Mosavei S.A., Ttarie M., Mehnatkesh M., and Hagegei B. 2003. Vegetative Growth Response of Young Seedlings of Five Almond Cultivars toWater Deficit Seed and Plant Improvement Journal P: 551-567. (In Persian)
- Mostashari M., Behnami A., and Khosravinejad A. 2011. Investigation of nutrition disorders in Saadat Abad orchard in Qazvin. 3th national conference on green area. Qazvin. 10pp.
- Pugnine F.I., Endols N.S., and Pardos G. 1994. Constraints by water stress on plant growth, Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. New York. P: 445.
- Serraj R., Krishanamurthy L., Kashiwagi J., Kumar J., Chandra S., and Crouch J.H. 2004. Variation in root traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown under terminal drought. Field Crops Research 88: 115-127.
- Tabatabaee S.S., Razazi A., Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H., Khodaeian N., Mehrabi Z., Asgari E., Fathian Sh., and Ramezanzadeh F. 2011. Effect of Fe-Deficiency on Uptake, Concentaration and Translocation of Fe, Zn, Mn in Some Plants with Different Fe-efficiency in Hydroponics Culture Journal of Water and Soil 25(4): 728-735. (In Persian with English abstract)
- Taiz L., and Zeiger E. 2006. Plant physiologh. Fourth Edition Sinauer Associates Inc: Publishers Sunderland Massachusetts. P: 738.
|
