تبیین علّی انسجام تیمی بر اساس بسندگی مهارت‌های شغلی، ابهام نقش و رهبری مشارکتی: نقش واسطه‌ای اعتماد تیمی

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 5، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، اسفند 1399، صفحه 101-130   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/tmj.2020.39995

نویسندگان

نوری کعب عمیر^{* 1}؛ منتهی موسوی²؛ نسرین ارشدی³

¹دکترای روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

²کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

³استاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین علّی انسجام تیمی بر اساس بسندگی مهارت­های شغلی، ابهام نقش و رهبری مشارکتی با توجه به نقش واسطه­ای اعتماد تیمی بود. روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی از طریق الگویابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) است. نمونه این پژوهش شامل 321 نفر از کارکنان شرکت بهره­برداری، تولید و انتقال آب جنوب شرق خوزستان بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع­آوری داده­­ها از مقیاس­های استاندارد بسندگی مهارت­های شغلی، ابهام نقش، رهبری مسیر- هدف، اعتماد تیمی و انسجام تیمی استفاده شد. ارزیابی الگوی پیشنهادی از طریق الگویابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار‌های AMOS و SPSS نسخه 24 انجام گرفت. جهت آزمون اثرات واسطه‌ای در الگوی پیشنهادی نیز از روش بوت‌استراپ استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده برازش مطلوب الگوی نهایی با داده‌ها بودند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بسندگی مهارت­های شغلی و رهبری مشارکتی به­صورت مثبت و ابهام نقش به­صورت منفی بر اعتماد تیمی اثر مستقیم و معنی­داری دارند. بسندگی مهارت­های شغلی و اعتماد تیمی نیز به­صورت مثبت بر انسجام تیمی اثر مستقیم و معنی­داری داشتند. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان داد که بسندگی مهارت­های شغلی، ابهام نقش و رهبری مشارکتی از طریق نقش واسطه­ای اعتماد تیمی، بر انسجام تیمی اثر غیرمستقیم و معنی­داری دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بسندگی مهارت‌های شغلی؛ رهبری مشارکتی؛ ابهام نقش؛ اعتماد تیمی؛ انسجام تیمی

مراجع

References

Abdullah, Z., & Musa, R. (2014). The effect of trust and information sharing on relationship commitment in supply chain management. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 266-272.

Abolghasemi, A.; Kiamasi, A.; Aryapooran, S., & Dortaj, F. (2006). A survey on the relationship of role ambiguity, role conflict and competitive anxiety with sport performance and academic achievements in the athletes. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 12(2), 39-51. (In Persian)

Abu Bakar H. (2017). Explaining cohesion linkages in workgroups: The cooperative communication in collectivism and high-power distance workgroup context. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(3), 157-177.

Acton, B. P.; Braun, M. T., & Foti, R. J. (2019). Built for unity: Assessing the impact of team composition on team cohesion trajectories. Journal of Business Psychology, Online Published, 1-16.

Aiyash, T. J. (2016). Examining the nature and development of group cohesion in residence hall staffs. M.A. Thesis of Art, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan, US.

Akhtar, S.; Ullah Khan, K.; Hassan, S.; Irfan, M., & Atlas, F. (2019). Antecedents of task performance: An examination of transformation leadership, team communication, team creativity, and team trust. Journal of Public Affairs, 19(2), 1-12.

Alanazi, T. R.; Alharthey, B. K., & Rasli, A. (2013). Overview of path-goal leadership theory. Jurnal Teknologi, 64(2), 49-53.

Appelbaum, N. P.; Lockeman, K. S.; Orr, S.; Huff, T. A.; Hogan, C. J.; Queen, B. A., & Dow, A. W. (2020). Perceived influence of power distance, psychological safety, and team cohesion on team effectiveness. Journal of Inter Professional Care, 34(1), 20-26.

Artar, M., & Erdil, O. (2017). Relationship between job satisfaction, organizational trust and work alienation. 13^th International Strategic Management Conference, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Bagherianfar, M.; Siadat, S. A., & Ebrahimi, A. (2016). Role of participative leadership and social empowerments on the teamwork skills of employees (Case Study: Isfahan university staff). Research on Educational Leadership and Management, 2(8), 23-49. (In Persian)

Bahlake, T.; Tojari, F., & Ghojagh, A. (2013). The Relationships among role ambiguity, team cohesion and athlete satisfaction of Basketball players. Sport Management Studies, 5(20), 149-158. (In Persian)

Beshlideh, K. (2017). Research methods and statistical analysis of research examples using SPSS and AMOS (For studies in humanities). Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran University Press. (In Persian)

Bhatti, M. H.; Ju, Y.; Akram, U.; Bhatti, M. H.; Akram, Z., & Bilal, M. (2019). Impact of participative leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating role of trust and moderating role of continuance commitment: Evidence from the Pakistan hotel industry. Sustainability, 11(4), 1-21.

Begley, C. M. (2009). Developing inter-professional learning: Tactics, teamwork and talk. Nurse Education Today, 29(3), 276-283.

Bosselut, G.; Boiche, J., & Salame, B., et al. (2018). Transformational leadership and group cohesion in sport: Examining the mediating role of interactional justice using a within- and between-team approach. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13(6), 912-928.

Boughattas, W., & Kridis, N. (2017). Exploring the relationship between cohesion and collective efficacy in Tunisian Sports Teams: Validation of the Tunisian Version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for collective sports. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(1), 46-59.

Bylund, P. L. (2015). Signifying Williamson's contribution to the transaction cost approach: An agent‐based simulation of coasean transaction costs and specialization. Journal of Management Studies, 52(1), 148-174.

Carless, S. A., & De Paola, C. (2000). The measurement of cohesion in work teams. Small Group Research, 31(1), 71-88.

Cassidy, S. (2018). What you don’t know can hurt you: The role of team member uncertainty in virtual team trust and performance. Ph.D. Thesis of Philosophy in Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Ceric, A. (2015). Trust in construction projects. UK: Routledge.

Cevik, I., & Wang, B. (2018). Role conflict and role ambiguity impact on collective efficacy- Towards team cohesion: A France youth football team analysis. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(4), 47-62.

Charbonneau, D., & Wood, V. M. (2018) Antecedents and outcomes of unit cohesion and affective commitment to the Army. Military Psychology, 30(1), 43-53.

Chinara, M., & Bentein, K. (2018). The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion, team task performance and service OCB. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(2), 333-345.

Cho, Y. J., & Park, H. (2011). Exploring the relationships among trust, employee satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Public Management Review, 13(4), 551-573.

Costa, A. C. (2003). Understanding the nature and the antecedents of trust within work teams. In B. Nooteboom, & F. Six, The trust process in organizations: Empirical of the determinants and the process of trust development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Pp. 105-124.

Costa, A. C., & Anderson, N. (2011). Measuring trust in teams: Development and validation of a multifaceted measure of formative and reflective indicators of team trust. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 119-154.

Costa, A. C.; Roe, R. A., & Taillieu, T. (2001). Trust within teams: The relation with performance effectiveness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10, 225-244.

Cummings, L. L., & Bromiley, P. (1996). The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In R. M. Kramer, & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. (pp. 302-330). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Davis, J. H.; Schoorman, F. D.; Mayer, R. C., & Tang, H. H. (2000). The trusted general manager and business unit performance: Empirical evidence of a competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 563-576.

De Backer, M.; Boen, F.; Ceux, T., et al. (2011). Do perceived justice and need support of the coach predict team identification and cohesion? Testing their relative importance among top volleyball and handball players in Belgium and Norway. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(2), 192-201.

DeOrtentiis, S. P.; Summers, J. K.; Ammeter, A. P.; Douglas, C., & Ferris, G. R. (2013). Cohesion and satisfaction as mediators of the team trust-team effectiveness relationship. Career Development International, 18(5), 521-543.

Faghih Nia, M. A., & Bahram Zadeh, H. A. (2019). A comprehensive model for identifying and explaining factors affecting burnout. Journal of System Management, 5(1), 171-190. (In Persian)

Farahi, R.; Mahmoodi, A. R.; Zarei Rahro, A. H., & Afkhami Ardakani, M. (2010). Designing teamwork effectiveness criteria (TQM and QCC approach) case study: Oil Industry Research Institute. Human Resource Management in the Oil Industry, 4(10), 70-39. (In Persian)

Fung, H-P. (2014). Relationships among team trust, team cohesion, team satisfaction, team effectiveness and project performance as perceived by project managers in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(8), 205-216.

Gillespie, N., & Mann, L. (2004). Transformational leadership and shared values: The building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 10, 588-607.

Jafarpoor, M. (2018). The pathology of group work in Iranian organizations. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 27(87), 75-100. (In Persian)

Jarvenpaa, S. L.; Knoll, K., & Leidner, D. E. (1998). Is anybody out there? Antecedents of trust in global virtual teams. Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(4), 29-64.

Kao, S-F.; Tsai, C-Y.; Schinke, R., & Watson, J. C. (2019). A cross-level moderating effect of team trust on the relationship between transformational leadership and cohesion. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(24), 2844-2852.

Karami, E., & Pourhassan, R. (2016). Explaining the relationship between conflict management, organizational climate and job performance (Case Study: Shiraz Water and Wastewater Company). International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Special Issue, 264-278. (In Persian)

Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Kaymak, T. (2011). Group cohesion and performance: A search for antecedents. Ekonomika a Management, 14(4), 78-91.

Kim, T. K.; Ji, J. H., & Shin, H. K. (2019). The effects of role conflict and role ambiguity on team performance and the mediating effects of relationship conflict and task conflict among hospital employees. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics, 44(2), 172-180.

Lee, M-H., & Ko, K-M. (2019). The influence of supervisors’ leadership skills and team cohesion on team performance in environmental service industry. Ekoloji, 28(107), 1013-1017.

Lee, D. S.; Lee, K. C.; Seo, Y. W., & Choi, D. Y. (2015). An analysis of shared leadership, diversity, and team creativity in an e-learning environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 42, 47-56.

Mango, E. (2018). Rethinking leadership theories. Open Journal of Leadership, 7(1), 57-88.

Mbuthia, M., & Thaddaeus, E. (2015) Validating customer loyalty model using structural equation modelling in a Kenyan hospital. Open Access Library Journal, 2(4), 1-11.

Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & DeChurch, L. A. (2009). Information sharing and team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 535-546.

Mohammadi, M.; Marzughi, R.; Naseri Jahromi, R.; Dorfeshan, M., & Mokhtari, Z. (2015). The effect of cooperative teaching on students’ group cohesion: The mediator role of cooperation approaches. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 16(3), 49-59. (In Persian)

Morris, J. H., & Moberg, D. J. (1994). Work organizations as contexts for trust and betrayal. In T. R. Sarbin, R. M. Carney, & C. Eoyang, Citizen Espionage: Studies in trust and betrayal (pp. 163-187). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Najafi, F.; Heydarinejad, S., & Shetabbushehri, S. (2018). The relationship between the leadership style of coaches, group cohesion and competitive anxiety in women's Futsal Premier League. Sport Management Studies, 10(47), 185-204. (In Persian)

Onag, Z., & Tepeci, M. (2014). Team effectiveness in sport teams: The effects of team cohesion, intra team communication and team norms on team member satisfaction and intent to remain. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 420-428.

Ozer, M., & Karabulut, A. T. (2019). The effects of team enablers and team cohesion on project team success. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 5(1), 102-120.

Palmatier, R. W.; Moorman, C., & Lee, J. Y. (2019). Handbook on customer centricity: Strategies for building a customer-centric organization. Cheltenham and Camberley: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Park, W-W.; Kim, M. S., & Gully, S. M. (2017). Effect of cohesion on the curvilinear relationship between team efficacy and performance. Small Group Research, 48(4), 455-481.

Paul, R.; Drake, J. R., & Liang, H. (2016). Global virtual team performance: The effect of coordination effectiveness, trust, and team cohesion. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 59(3), 186-202.

Pierce, J. R., & Aguinis, H. (2013). The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management. Journal of Management, 39(2), 313-338.

Polston-Murdoch, L. (2013). An investigation of path-goal theory, relationship of leadership style, supervisor-related commitment and gender. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 6(1), 13-44.

Pucetaite, R., & Lamsa, A. M. (2008). Developing organizational trust through advancement of employees’ work ethic in a post-socialist context. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 325-337.

Reina, D., & Reina, M. (2015). Trust and betrayal in the workplace: Building effective relationships in your organization (3^rd Ed.). Oakland: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Rizo, J. R.; House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 150-163.

Salleh, M. J., & Kayode, B. K. (2014). An analysis to teachers’ perceptions towards teamwork. Asian Journal of Management Research, 4(3), 516-526.

Singh, U., & Srivastava, K. B. (2016). Organizational trust and organizational citizenship behavior. Global Business Review, 17(3), 594-609.

Smith, P. A., & Birney, L. L. (2005). The organizational trust of elementary schools and dimensions of student bullying. The International Journal of Educational Management, 19(6-7), 469-487.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.). Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson Hall.

Talebi, N., & Abdollahi, F. (2012). The relationship between coach leadership behavior, group cohesion, and performance of Iranian Women's Premier League Volleyball Teams. Sport Management Studies, 4(16), 78-63. (In Persian)

West, M. A., & Markiewicz, L. (2004). Building team-based working: A practical guide to organizational transformation. BPS Blackwell: Oxford.

Wester, K. R., & Weiss, M. R. (2009). The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and group cohesion in high school football teams. The Sport Psychologist, 5(2), 100-117.