واکاوی مفهومی مؤلفه‌های سکوت سازمانی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن (رویکرد آمیخته)

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 10، دوره 12، پائیز و زمستان1399 - شماره پیاپی 24، اسفند 1399، صفحه 229-262   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/tmj.2021.30739.0

نویسنده

حمید عرفانیان خان زاده^*

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد

چکیده

سکوت سازمانی از عوامل مؤثر و البته مانعی بزرگ در مسیر بروز و ظهور آرا و ایده‌های تازة کارکنان برای سازمان محسوب می‌شود. آنچه امروزه سازمان‌ها بدان بها می‌دهند استفادة بهینه از دیدگاه‌های کارکنان است؛ زیرا کارکنان با درک شکایات مشتریان، قادر خواهند بود راه‌حل‌های مناسبی مطرح کنند تا مدیران، با تحلیل هزینه‌ـ منفعت این نظرها را عملیاتی کنند؛ اما چگونه می‌توان سکوت سازمانی را تشخیص و چه شاخصه‌ها و مؤلفه‌هایی را علامت ظهور آن دانست؟ اگرچه مقالات متعددی در این زمینه تدوین، ولی کماکان در خصوص ویژگی‌ها و نحوه اندازه‌گیری آن ابهاماتی وجود دارد؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر مؤلفه‌های سکوت سازمانی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن را شناسایی کرده است. از نظر هدف، پژوهش توسعه‌ای است و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش اجرا، در زمرة پژوهش‌های آمیخته (کیفی‌ـ کمّی) قرار دارد. پس از تحلیل ادبیات موجود در زمینه سکوت سازمانی، پنل پژوهش با 10 نفر از استادان مدیریت رفتار شکل گرفت و ‌تملق و چاپلوسی، بله‌قربان‌گویی، بی‌تفاوتی نسبت به وظایف محوله، کاهش تمایل به شرکت در فعالیت‌های غیر اجباری و غیر رسمی در سازمان، احساس نااُمیدی و بی‌حوصلگی، نق‌زدن‌های دائمی و گله‌مند بودن از شرایط به‌عنوان مؤلفه‌های سکوت سازمانی شناسایی گردید. درنهایت، به پشتوانة ادبیات و پیشینة تحقیق و نظر خبرگان 6 عامل تعهد سازمانی پایین، سبک رهبری آمرانه و پدرمآبانه، فرهنگ‌سازمانی سرکوب‌کننده، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی محافظه‌کارانة مدیران، ساختارسازمانی بلند، قوانین و رویه‌های بوروکراتیک به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر سکوت سازمانی احصاء گردید که بر همین اساس مدلی با رویکرد سیستمی طراحی شد. همچنین جهت سنجش مؤلفه‌های سکوت سازمانی پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته طراحی و اعتبارسنجی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مدل مفهومی؛ سکوت سازمانی؛ مؤلفه‌های سکوت سازمانی؛ عوامل مؤثر

مراجع

Ahmadi, A.; Esmaeili, A., & Khazli, S. (2016). Presenting a model of structural equations for the relationship between organizational silence and organizational commitment with the mediating role of organizational justice in ghavamin bank, Quarterly Journal of Resource Management in Law Enforcement, Fourth Year. 1, pp 35-62. (In Persian)

Alvani, S. (2006). General management, Tehran, Nashr-e NeyPublications, 22nd edition. (In Persian)

Al-Rousan, M. A. M., & Omoush, M. M. (2018). The Effect of organizational silence on burnout: a field study on workers at jordanian five-star hotels. Journal of Management and Strategy, 9(3), 114-122.

Appelbaum, S.; Bartolomucci, Nicolas., & Girard, Ch. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior: a case study of culture, leadership and trust, Management Decision, 42(1), 2004, 13-40.

Ardalan, M.; Ghanbari, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2015). Evaluating the role of transformational leadership in the emergence of organizational voice: an analysis of the mediating role of information and communication technology, Quarterly Journal of Information Technology Management Studies, Third Year, 11, Spring, 24-1. (In Persian)

Bazargan, A. (2008). An introduction to qualitative and mixed methods research ", Didar Publishing. (In Persian)

Bagheri, Gh.; Zarei, R., & Nik Aeen, M. (2012). Organizational silence (basic concepts and its development factors), ideal type of management, 1(1), Spring 2012, 47-58.

Bozorgniya Hosseyni, S., & Enayati, T. (2013). The Relationship between organizational silence and employee performance, ethics in science and technology quarterly, year 9, 4. (In Persian).

Cetin, A. (2020) organizational silence and organizational commitment: a study of turkish sport managers, annals of applies sport science, 8th Year, Issue 2.

Damghanian, H., & Roozban, F. (2015). Investigating the reason for employees' silence in relation to direct manager: application of mixed research, quarterly journal of organizational behavior studies, fourth year, 3, Fall, 195-174. (In Persian)

Danaeifard, H., & Fani, A. (2011). Explaining the role of organizational culture in organizational silence in the public sector, public management perspective, 8, Winter, 82-61. (In Persian)

Danaeifard, H., & Panahi, B. (2010). Analysis of job attitudes of employees of government organizations; explaining the atmosphere of organizational silence and the behavior of organizational silence, Transformation Management Research Journal; Second Year, 3, 19-2. (In Persian)

Farhadi, A.; Ghfouri, P., & Haghighi Kafash, M. (2015). The effect of transformational leadership style and organizational learning in reducing organizational silence, Journal of Transformation Management, Spring and Summer, Year 7, Issue 13. (In Persian)

Fernandez-Lores, S., & Gavilan, D. (2015). Affective commitment to the employer brand: development and validation of a scale, Business Research Quarterly (2016) 19, 40-54.

Greenberg, J., & Edwards, M. S. (2009). Voice and Silence in Organizations, Emerald Group Publishing, 2009, p16. Harlos, K. (2001). When organizational voice systems fail more on the deaf-ear syndrome and frustration effects, mcgill university, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, September, 323-342.

Hassani, S.; Ahmadi, S.; Sarmast, B., & Alodari, H. (2020). Designing a comprehensive model of organizational silence based on the five pillars of the organization in selected public universities in Tehran, Management of Government Organizations, 8(2), 97-112. (In Persian)

Hazen, Mary. A. (2006). Silences, perinatal loss, and polyphony: a post-modern perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(2), 2006, pp. 237-249.  

Hutmire, J. L. (2016). meaningfulness of work as perceived by women from diverse social classes: a grounded theory exploration, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Walden University.

Karaca, H. (2013). An Expletory study on the impact of organizational silence in hierarchical organizations: Turkish National Police case, Turkish National Police Academy, European Scientific Journal, August 2013, 9(23), pp 37-50.

Korkmaz, E. (2018). The Relationship between organizational silence and allen-meyer organizational commitment model: a research in the health sector in Turkey, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 3, 200-213 .

Korkmaz, T., & Arpaci, E. (2009). Relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with emotional intelligence, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, (2009) 2432–2435.

Li, Y., & Sun, J. M. (2015). Traditional chinese leadership and employee voice behavior: a cross-level examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 172-189.

Morrison, El., & Milliken, J. F. (2000). Organizational silence: a barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world, new york university, Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 2000, 700-725.

Nasr Esfahani, A. (2010). Flattery in the organization, organizational culture management, Year 8, No. 22, Fall and Winter, 114-95. (In Persian)

Nielsen, Richard P. (2003). Why do we remain silent in the face of unethical behavior, the church in the 21st century  from crisis to renewal, Boston College Occasional Paper,7.

Penttila, C. (2003). It’s a sad fact of downturns: employees stop speaking their minds, Entrepreneur Magazine, November 1, 2003.

Pinder Craig C., & Harlos Karen, P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. research in personnel and human resources management, 20, 331-369.

Pirannejad, A.; Davari, E., & Afkhami, M. (2017). Organizational silence, the contemporary challenge of human resource management; identifying its factors and consequences, Quarterly Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, Year 6, Issue 1 (26) Spring, 47-176. (In Persian)

Podsakoff, Philip M., & MacKenzie, Scott B. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. indiana university, Journal of Management, 2000, 26(3), 513–563.

Rastegar, A., & Roozban, F. (2014). Identifying the factors affecting organizational silence by descriptive mixed method of participant selection, Quarterly Journal of Management of Government Organizations, 8, 8-8. (In Persian)

Rezabeygi, S., & Almasi, D. (2014). Organizational silence: a dangerous phenomenon in the way of the organizational progress, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (3)

Slade, M. R. (2008). The adaptive nature of organizational silence: a cybernetic exploration of the hidden factory, the george washington university, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Sutton, R. I. (2010). Good Boss, Bad Boss first edition, September 2010, Hachette bookgroup Publishers.

Tinuke Fapohunda, M. (2016). Organizational silence: predictors and consequences among university academic staff, International Journal for Research in Social Science and Humanities Research, 2(1), 83-103.

Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organizational silence: an empirical investigation, Employee Relations, 27(5), 2005, 441-458.

Van Dyne, L.; & Ang, S., & Botero, Isabel C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs, Journal of Management Studies 40:6 September 2003, pp 1359-1392.

Van Dyne, L., & Lepine, J. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: evidence of construct and predictive validity. michigan state university, Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 41(1), 108-119.

Xu, A. J.; Loi, R., & Lam, L. W. (2015). The bad boss takes it all: how abusive supervision and leader–member exchange interacts to influence employee silence. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763-774.

Yıldız, E. (2013). Enigma of silence in organizations: what happens to whom and why? sakarya university, institute of social sciences, Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 2013, 30-44.

Zarei Matin, H.; Taheri, F., & Sayar, A. (2011). Organizational silence, concepts, causes and consequences, Iranian Journal of Management Sciences, 6(21), Spring, 104-77. (In Persian)

Zahed Babalan, A.; Ahmadi, H., & Seyed Kalan, S. (2015). Organizational silence alert in higher education: identifying the causing factors among the staff of mohaghegh ardabili university, Quarterly Journal of Leadership Research and Educational Management, First Year, 4, 129-151(In Persian)