بررسی تاثیر افزودن هسته خرمای برشته شده بر خصوصیات فیزیکی‌ شیمیایی و حسی قهوه حاصل از دانه عربیکا (Coffea Arabica)

مجله پژوهشهای علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 73، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 96-112   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی فارسی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ifstrj.2021.68677.1017

نویسندگان

فریده مجریان¹؛ مرضیه معین فرد^{* 1}؛ رضا فرهوش¹؛ هادی مهدویان مهر²

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

²شرکت صنایع قهوه پارت سازان (مولتی کافه)، مشهد

چکیده

هسته خرما یکی از مهم‌ترین ضایعات صنایع فرآوری خرما است که حاوی مقادیر قابل توجهی کربوهیدارت، لیپید، پروتئین، ترکیبات پلی‌فنولی و مواد معدنی است. برشته کردن هسته و تولید قهوه هسته خرما یکی از ساده‌ترین روش‌ها جهت ایجاد ارزش افزوده بر این ضایعات است. لذا در این تحقیق امکان جایگزینی دانه قهوه عربیکا با هسته خرمای برشته در سطوح 10، 35، 50 و 100 درصد جهت تهیه قهوه (coffee brew) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میزان چربی، پروتئین و کافئین در قهوه 100 درصدی عربیکا به‌ترتیب از 67/330، 75/956، mg/100 mL 51/76 به 61/192، mg/100 mL 00/149و کمتر از حد تشخیص (LOD>) در قهوه 100 درصدی هسته خرما کاهش یافت. میزان آکریل‌آمید و ویسکوزیته‌ نمونه‌ها نیز کاهش قابل توجهی نشان دادند. افزایش پودر هسته خرما باعث اسیدی شدن و رقیق‌تر شدن قهوه حاصله شد که نتایج آن در کاهش pH و ویسکوزیته مشاهده گردید. افزایش پارامترهای L*، b* و a* در نوشیدنی قهوه با افزایش میزان پودر هسته خرما مشاهده شد که بیان‌گر روشن‌تر شدن آن و افزایش پارامترهای رنگی قرمز و زرد بود. محتوای فلاونوئید و فنول کل در قهوه‌ها به شکل قابل توجهی تحت تاثیر میزان هسته خرما قرار گرفته و کاهش یافت. لازم به ذکر است که جایگزینی با هسته خرما بر محتوای فنول کل تاثیر کمتری داشت. قهوه‌های تهیه شده از خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی قابل قبولی برخوردار بودند به نحوی که قهوه هسته خرما (100 درصد) قدرت بیشتری در مهار رادیکال آزاد DPPH نشان داد. به‌صورت کلی، قابلیت جایگزینی دانه عربیکا با هسته خرما تا سطح 10 و 35 درصد از نظر حسی قابل قبول گزارش شد، به صورتی که رنگ و عطر این قهوه‌ها‌ شباهت بالایی با قهوه 100 درصدی عربیکا نشان دادند و از طرفی به دلیل کاهش تلخی، پذیرش کلی آن‌ها نیز بالا بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

قهوه؛ هسته خرما؛ آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ آکریل‌آمید؛ ارزیابی حسی

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