بررسی شاخص‌های رشدی و تبادلات گازی دو رقم قرنفل (Dianthus barbatus) تحت تنش شوری

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، خرداد 1402، صفحه 75-88   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.71942.1081

نویسندگان

وحید قاسمی؛ عبداله احتشام نیا^* ؛ عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد؛ حسن مومیوند

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر تنش شوری بر شاخص‌های رشدی و تبادلات گازی در دو رقم قرنفل، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تنش شوری کلرید سدیم در ده سطح (صفر، 10، 20، 30، 40، 50، 60، 70، 80 و 90 میلی مولار) و رقم در دو سطح (’باربارین‘ و ’دیانا‘) اجرا شد. در این پژوهش، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، برگ و ریشه، قطر و تعداد گل، سطح برگ، ارتفاع، قطر ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، هدایت روزنه‌ای، میزان فتوسنتز، درصد عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم و نیز نسبت این دو عنصر بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری اثرات منفی بر رشد هر دو رقم داشت و بیش‌ترین مقادیر صفات رشدی در تیمار کنترل (عدم کاربرد نمک کلرید سدیم) مشاهده شد. سطوح بالای تنش شوری، به شدت وزن تر و خشک و نیز ارتفاع و سطح برگ گیاه را کاهش داد، همچنین تنش در هر دو رقم منجر به کاهش تعداد و قطر گل شد. تنش شوری بر میزان فتوسنتز و هدایت روزنه‌ای نیز اثر منفی برجای گذاشت و منجر به کاهش این دو صفت در شرایط سطوح بالاتر تنش شوری شد. غلظت عنصر سدیم به واسطه کاربرد کلرید سدیم با افزایش سطح تنش افزایش یافت و با اثر بر جذب پتاسیم منجر به کاهش درصد پتاسیم با افزایش سطح کلرید سدیم شد و در نهایت در گیاهان رشد یافته در شرایط تنش، نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم نیز افزایش نشان داد. به­طور کلی رقم باربارین در اکثر صفات نسبت به رقم ’دیانا‘ تحمل بالاتری نشان داد و جهت استفاده در مناطق با آب و خاک شور توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سطح برگ؛ قرنفل؛ کلرید سدیم؛ میزان فتوسنتز؛ نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم

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