نقش ملاتونین بر خصوصیات پس از برداشت میوه گیلاس رقم ’سیاه مشهد‘ طی دوره انبارمانی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، خرداد 1401، صفحه 71-85   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.67437.1001

نویسندگان

بهاره قربانی^{* 1}؛ رقیه نجف زاده²

¹باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

²گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

میوه گیلاس دارای ارزش غذایی بالایی بوده و به دلیل طعم و مزه مطلوب، و ظاهر جذاب از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این میوه به دلیل حساس بودن به صدمات حمل و نقل، کاهش رطوبت و فساد پذیر بودن عمر انبارمانی بسیار کوتاهی دارد. میوه گیلاس پس از برداشت، به­سرعت دچار زوال شده و در برخی موارد به­دلیل مدت زمان انتقال و بازاریابی، با کیفیت مناسب به­دست مصرف­کنندگان نمی‌رسد. بنابراین استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی جهت افزایش ماندگاری و حفظ کیفیت آن ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در پژوهش حاضر تیمار غوطه وری ملاتونین به مدت 15 دقیقه در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، 50، 100 و 200 میکرومولار به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی میوه‌ گیلاس رقم ’سیاه مشهد‘ اعمال شد و میوه­ها در سردخانه در دمای 1±5 درجه سانتی­گراد و رطوبت نسبی 85 درصد به مدت 35 روز نگهداری شدند. پارامترهایی مانند کاهش­وزن، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون، اسیدهای آلی، مواد جامد محلول، آنتی­اکسیدان (DPPH)، ترکیبات فنلی، محتوای آنتوسیانین، فعالیت آنزیم‌­های پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز به مدت پنج هفته بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد میوه­‌های تیمار شده با ملاتونین در غلظت200 میکرومولار نسبت به سایر تیمارها و شاهد، میزان (40 درصد) کاهش ­وزن کمتری داشتند و همچنین در این میوه­ها میزان ترکیبات فنلی (25 میلی‌گرم بر صد گرم وزن تر اسید گالیک)، مواد جامد محلول (4 درصد بریکس) و فعالیت آنزیم­‌های پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (20 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) افزایش یافتند. ترکیب ملاتونین خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی بالایی داشته و قادر است مانند یک ترکیب محافظت کننده عمل کرده و رادیکال­های آزاد را مهار نماید. در این پژوهش دیده شد غلظت200 میکرومولار توانسته است عمر انبارداری میوه گیلاس را با حفظ خواص آنتی­اکسیدانی بالا برده و کیفیت را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ آنتوسیانین؛ بازار پسندی؛ پوشش خوراکی؛ فنل

مراجع

• Arnao M.B. 2014. Phyto melatonin: Discovery, content, and role in plants. Advances in Botany. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/815769.
• Ayala–Zavala J., Wang F., Wang C., and Gonzalez–Aguilar G. 2007. High oxygen treatment increases antioxidant capacity and postharvest life of strawberry fruit. Food Technology and Biotechnology 425: 166-173.
• Baghurst R., and Coghill R. 2006. A study of melatonin in plant tissues and its dietary and health implications. Bio electromagnetics current concepts. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1372-0.
• Bal E. 2019. Physicochemical changes in ‘Santa Rosa’plum fruit treated with melatonin during cold storage. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 13(3): 1713-1720. https://org/10.1007/s11694-019-00088-6.
• Bernalte M.J., Sabio E., Hernandez M., and Gervasini C. 2003. Influence of storage delay on quality of ‘Van’ sweet cherry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28: 303-312.
• Boccalandro H.E., Gonzalez C.V., and Wunderlin D.A. 2011. Melatonin levels, determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS, fluctuate during the day/night cycle in Vitis vinifera Malbec: evidence of its antioxidant role in fruits. Journal of Pineal Research 51: 226-232.
• BorissJ., Brunke H., Specialist A., and Kreith M. 2006. Commodity Profile: cherries, sweet and tart. Journal of Plant Sciences 85: 324-326.
• Cao, Song C., Shao J., Bian K., Chen W., and Yang Z. 2016. Exogenous melatonin treatment increases chilling tolerance and induces defense response in harvested peach fruit during cold storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64: 5215-5222.
• Dahital R., Mora N., Watson D., Kohli P., and Choudhary R. 2018. Efficacy of limonene nano coatings on post-harvest shelf life of strawberries. LWT-Food Science and Technology 97: 124-132.
• Deighton N., Stewart D., Davies H.V. Gardner P.T., Duthie G.G., Mullen W., and Crozier A. 2009. Soft fruit as sources of dietary antioxidants. Acta Horticulturae 585: 459-465.
• Fischer T.W., Zmijewski M.A., Wortsman J., and Slominski A. 2008. Melatonin maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuates activation of initiator (casp-9) and effector caspases (casp-3/casp-7) and PARP in UVR-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal Pineal Research 44: 397- 407.
• Garcia-Pastor M., Guillen F., Zapata P., Agullo V., Castillo S., Serrano M., and Valero D. 2017. Melatonin: a new tool to increase yield and quality at harvest and to extend postharvest shelf-life of pomegranate. Paper presented at the IV International Symposium on Pomegranate and Minor Mediterranean Fruits 1254. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1254.43.
• Gill S., and Tuteja N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.
• Ghorbani B., Pakkish Z. and Najafzadeh R. 2018. Shelf life improvement of grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Rish Baba) using nitric oxide (NO) during chilling damage. International Journal of Food Properties 14: 2750-2763. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1373663
• Gao, Zhang Z.K., Chai H.K., Cheng N., Yang Y., Wang D.N., Yang T., Cao W. 2016. Melatonin treatment delays postharvest senescence and regulates reactive oxygen species metabolism in peach fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 118: 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15221
• Jalilimarandi R. 2004. Postharvest Physiology (Handling and storage of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants). Publishers Jihad Urmia University. Second edition, p. 276. [In Farsi].
• Kalt, Forney C.F., Martin A., and Prior R.L.1999. Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics, and anthocyanins after fresh storage of small fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47: 4638-4644.
• Kochba J., Lavee S., and Spiegel-Roy P. 1977. Differevces in peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic ‘shamouti’ orange ovular callus lines”. Plant and Cell Physiology, 18: 463-497.
• Lattanzio V., Cardinali A., and Linsalata V. 2012. Plant phenolics: A biochemecal and physiological perspective, In: Cheynier, V., Sarni-Manchado, P., Quideau, S. (Eds.), Recent advances in polyphenol research, 1 ed. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Wiley-Blackwell, 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118299753.ch1.
• LeiY., Zhu R.Y., Zhang G.Y., and Dai Y.R. 2004. Attenuation of cold-induced apoptosis by exogenous melatonin in carrot suspension cells: The possible involvement of polyamines. Journal of Pineal Research 36(2): 126-131.
• Li, Tan D.X., Liang D., Chang C., Jia D., and Ma F. 2014. Melatonin mediates the regulation of ABA metabolism, free-radical scavenging, and stomatal behavior in two Malus species under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. eru476.
• Li, Wang P., Wei Z., Liang D., Liu C., Yin L., and Ma F. 2012. The mitigation effects of exogenous melatonin on salinity-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Journal of Pineal Research 53(3): 298-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00999.x. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
• Liang, Ma C., Zhang Z., Wei Z., Gao T., Zhao Q., and Li C. 2018. Long-term exogenous application ofmelatonin improves nutrient uptake fluxes in apple plants under moderate drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 155: 650-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.08.016.
• LinL., Fan L., Xia X.H., Wang Z.K., Yin Y.P., Cheng Y.L., and Li Z.G. 2019. Melatonin decreases resistance to postharvest green mold on citrus fruit by scavenging defenserelated reactive oxygen species. Postharvest Biology and Technology 153: 21-30.
• Liu H., Zheng H.H., Sheng K.L., Liu W., and Zheng L. 2018. Effects of melatonin treatment on the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.01.016.
• Liu, Huang H., Huber D. J., Pan Y., Shi X., and Zhang Z. 2020. Delay of ripening and softening in ‘Guifei’mango fruit by postharvest application of melatonin. Postharvest Biology and Technology 163: 111136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111136.
• LoScalzo R., Bianchi G., Genna A., and Summa C. 2007. Antioxidant properties and lipidic profile as quality indexes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis) in relation to harvest time. Food Chemistry, 100(3): 1019-1025.
• Martinez-Romero D., Alburquerque N., Valverde J.M., Guillen F., Castillo S., Valero D., and Serrano M. 2005. Postharvest sweet cherry quality and safety maintenance by Aloe vera treatments: A new edible coating. Postharvest Biology and Technology 39: 93-100.
• MengF., Yu Y., Shi T.C., Fu Y.S., Zhao T., and Zhang Z.W. 2019. Melatonin treatment of pre-veraison grape berries modifies phenolic components and antioxidant activity of grapes and wine. Food Science and Technology 39 (1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.24517.
• MengF., Xu T.F., Song C.Z., Yu Y., Hu F., Zhang L., and Xi Z.M. 2015. Melatonin treatment of pre-veraison grape berries to increase size and synchronicity of berries and modify wine aroma components. Food Chemistry 185: 127-134.
• Mo, Gong D., Liang L., Han R., Xie J., and Li W. 2008. Enhanced preservation effects of suger apple fruits by salicylic acid treatment during postharvest storage. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture 88: 2693-2699.
• Mohammadi A., Hashemi M., and Hosseni S. 2016. Effect of chitosan molecular weight as micro and nanoparticles on antibacterial activity against some soft rot pathogenic bacteria. LWT - Food Science and Technology 71: 347-355.
• Nakano Y., and Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate- specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 22: 867-880.
• Navarro J.M., Flores P. Garrido C., and Martínez V. 2006. Changes in the contents of antioxidants compounds in pepper fruits at different ripening stages, as affected by salinity. Food Chemistry 96: 66-73.
• Perez-Llorca M., Munoz P., Muller M., and Munne-Bosch S. 2019. Biosynthesis, metabolism and function of auxin, salicylic acid and melatonin in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 57-68. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00136.
• Petriccione M., Sanctis F., Pasquariello M.S., Mastrobuoni F., Rega P., Scortichini M., and Mencarelli F. 2014. The Effect of Chitosan Coating on the Quality and Nutraceutical Traits of Sweet Cherry during Postharvest Life. Food and Bioprocess Technology 8(2): 40-53.
• Pitar R., Marco-contelles J., Ramos E. 2014. Melatonin as potential candidate to prevent the toxicity induced b chemical warfare agents. Archives of Toxicology, 88: 3-4
• Reiter R.J., Tan D.X., Rosales-corral S.A. 2013.The universal nature, unequal distribution and antioxidant functions of melatonin and its derivatives. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 13: 373-384.
• Reque P.M., Steffens R.S., Jablonski A., Flores S.H. 2014. Cold storage of blueberry (Vaccinium) fruits and juice: Anthocyanin stability andante oxidant activity. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 33(1): 111-116.
• Sarropoulou V.N., Dimassi-theriou K.N., Therios I.N. 2012. Melatonin enhances root regeneration, photosynthetic pigments, biomass, total carbohydrates and proline content in the cherry rootstock PHL-C (Prunus avium x Prunus cerasus). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 61: 162-168.
• Shi , and Chan Z. 2014. The cysteine2/histidine2-type transcription factor zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana 6-activated C-repeat-binding factor pathway is essential for melatonin-mediated freezing stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Journal of Pineal Research 57: 185-191.
• ShiY., Liu N., Gu R.X., Zhu L.Q., Zhang C., Wang Q.G., Lei Z.H., Liu Y.Y., and Ren J.Y. 2015. Signals induced by exogenous nitric oxide and their role in controlling brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola in postharvest peach fruit. Journal of General Plant Pathology 81(1): 68-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050773.
• Slinkard and Singleton V.L. 1977. Total phenol analysis Automatin and comparison with manual methods. American. Journal of Enology and Viticulture 28: 49-55.
• TanX., Hardeland R., Manchester L.C., Korkmaz A., Ma S., Rosales-Corral S., and Reiter R.J. 2012. Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(2): 577-597.
• Tan X., Manchester L.C., Helton P., and Reiter R.J. 2007. Phyto remediative capacity of plants enriched with melatonin. Plant Signaling and Behavior 2(6): 514-516.
• Vargas, Albors A., Chiralt A., and Gonzalez-Martinez C. 2006. Quality of cold-stored strawberries as affected by chitosan-oleic acid edible coatings. Postharvest Biology and Technology 41: 164-71.
• Vitalini S., Gardana C., Zanzotto A., Fico G., Faoro F., Simonetti P., and Iriti M. From vineyard to glass: Agrochemicals enhance the melatonin and total polyphenol contents and antiradical activity of red wines. Journal of Pineal Research 51(3): 278-285.
• Wang, Sun X., Li C., Wei Z., Liang D., and Ma F. 2013. Long-term exogenous application of melatonin delays drought-induced leaf senescence in apple. Journal of Pineal Research 54: 292-302.
• WrolstadE., Durst R.W., and Lee J. 2005. Tracking color and pigment changes in anthocyanin products. Trends in Food Science and Technology 16(9): 423-8.
• Xia , Shen Y., Shen T., Wang X., Zhang X., Hu P., and Wang J. 2020. Melatonin accumulation in sweet cherry and its influence on fruit quality and antioxidant properties. Molecules 25(3): 753.
• Xing, Li X., Xu Q., Yun J., Lu Y., and Tang Y. 2011. Effects of chitosan coating enriched with cinnamon oil on qualitative properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Journal of Food Chemistry 124: 1443-1450.
• Xu, Yue Q., Bian F., Sun H., Zhai H., and Yao Y. 2017. Melatonin enhances phenolics accumulation partially via ethylene signaling and resulted in high antioxidant capacity in grape berries. Frontiers in Physiology 8: 14-26.  
• Xu, Cai S.Y., Zhang Y., Wang Y., Ahammed G.J., Xia X.J., and Zhou J. 2016. Melatonin enhances thermos tolerance by promoting cellular protein protection in tomato plants. Journal of Pineal Research 61(4): 457-469.
• Yang, Wang L., Belwal T., Zhang X., Lu H., Chen C., and Li L. 2020. Exogenous melatonin and abscisic acid expedite the flavonoids biosynthesis in grape berry of Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho. Molecules 25(1): 12.
• Zhao, Tan D.X. Lei Q. 2013. Melatonin and its potential biological functions in the fruits of sweet cherry. Journal of Pineal Research 55:79-88.
• Zhai, Liu J., Liu F., Zhao Y., Liu L., Fang C., Wang H., Li X., Wang Z., Ma F., and Xu L. 2018. Melatonin limited ethylene production, softening and reduced physiology disorder in pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit during senescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology 139: 38-46. https:/doi.org/10.3390/plants11050688.
• Zhang, Kluera N.Y., Wang Z., Ray W., Ho T.D., and Nguyen H.T. 2009. Genetic engineering for abiotic stress resistance in crop plants. In Vitro Cell Developmental Biology Plant 36: 108-114.
• ZhangS. 2015.Roles of melatonin in abiotic stress resistance in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 66: 647 56.
• ZhangY., Huber D.J., Hu M.J., Jiang G.X., Gao Z.Y., Xu X.B., Jiang Y.M., and Zhang Z.K. 2018.Melatonin delays postharvest browning in litchi fruit by enhancing anti oxidative processes and oxidation repair. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 10: 10-21.
• ZhouH., Li S.M., and Zeng K.F. 2016. Exogenous nitric oxide induced postharvest disease resistance in citrus fruit to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Ournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96(2): 505-512.
• Zokaee-Khosroshahi M.R., and Esna-Ashari M. 2007. Postharvest putresciene treatments extend the storage- life of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) Etokhm-Sefid, fruit. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82: 986-990.
• Zovko-Koncic M., Kremer D., Schuhly W., Brantner A., Karlovic K., and Kalodera Z. 2010. Chemical differentiation of croatica and Berberis.vulgaris using HPLC finger printing. Croatica Chemica Acta 83: 451-456.