ارائه چارچوبی برای اکتساب دانش ضمنی خبرگان در راستای شناسایی فرصت ها و تهدیدهای محیطی

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 5، دوره 13، پائیز و زمستان 1400 - شماره پیاپی 26، اسفند 1400، صفحه 91-124   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/tmj.2021.31138.0

نویسندگان

ناصر مطهری فریمانی^{* 1}؛ اعظم مدرس²؛ نیلوفر جهان آرا³

¹دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

توانایی تشخیص و کسب دانش ضمنی خبرگان در رویۀ مرسوم پویش محیطی، مزیت رقابتی مهمی برای سازمان­ها محسوب می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه ارائه چارچوبی است که بتوان با کمک آن به دانش ضمنی خبرگان، در جهت شناسایی فرصت­ها و تهدیدهای سازمانی پی برد. ازاین‌رو پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر رویکرد تحلیل محتوا و تفسیری به این موضوع پرداخته است. بدین منظور ابتدا مصاحبه عمیق با خبرگان تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری در جهت شناسایی نقایص SWOT انجام شد. با استفاده از تحلیل مصاحبه­ها، 21 کد به‌عنوان نقایص SWOT به­ دست­ آمد که این کدها با رویکرد باز و سپس با رویکرد محوری (تحلیل محتوا) دسته­بندی شدند. به‌منظور ارائه راهکارها و ابزارها جهت رفع و پیشگیری نقایص شناسایی شده الگوهای فعلی، مصاحبۀ عمیق با خبرگان انجام شد و درنهایت با تحلیل تفسیری مصاحبه­ها، چارچوبی برای اکتساب دانش ضمنی خبرگان ارائه شد. اقدامات در این چارچوب مشتمل بر سه مرحله قبل از مصاحبه، مصاحبه و پس از مصاحبه است. چارچوب پیشنهادی، راهکارها و ابزارهایی را به‌منظور پی بردن به دانش ضمنی خبره و شناسایی محیط خارجی در هر مرحله معرفی می­کند؛ بنابراین با به‌کارگیری چارچوب پیشنهادی، می­توان به دانش ضمنی خبرگان در راستای شناسایی فرصت­ها و تهدیدها دست‌یافت. چارچوب پیشنهادی حاصل از تحقیق حاضر می­تواند موردتوجه برنامه­ریزان سازمانی قرار گیرد تا با برنامه­ریزی صحیح و آگاهی کامل از نقایص در راه شناسایی فرصت­ها و تهدیدها امکان پویش بهتر محیط را فراهم آورند و از فرصت­ها بهره­برداری و از تهدیدات اجتناب کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دانش ضمنی؛ پویش محیطی؛ فرصت؛ تهدید؛ تحلیل تفسیری

مراجع

Abels, E. (2002(. Hot topics: environmental scanning, bulletin of the american society for information and science and technology, 28(3), 1-4.

Afrazeh, A. (2005). Knowledge Management, Concepts, Models, Measure and Implement, Tehran, Amir Kabir University Press, first edition.

Ahsan, A.; Bahadur, W.; Nan. W.; Adeel, L., & Nawaz Khan, A. (2020). Improving Team Innovation Performance: Role of social media and Team knowledge Management Capabilities, Technology in Society, 6, 101259.

Akhavan, P., & Dehghani, M. (2015). Knowledge management: acquisition of tacit knowledge of experts, malek ashtar university of technology publications, first edition, 33(1), 43-52 (in Persian).

Akhavan, P., & Judi, E. (2012). Step Operational Knowledge Management, Knowledge Maps, Tehran, atinegar's publication, second edition (in Persian).

Akhavan, P.; & Yazdimoghadam, J. (2013). Knowledge management knowledge and ethics: an analysis of knowledge conversion in an industrial organization, Journal of Management Improvement, 7(3), 24-5) in Persian).

Aldehayyat, J.S. (2015). Environmental scanning in business organizations: empirical evidence from a middle eastern country context, Management Research Review, 38(5), 459-481.

Al-Emran, M.; Mezhuyev, V., & Kamaludin, A. (2020). Towards a conceptual model for examining the impact of knowledge management factors on mobile, learning acceptance, technology in society, 61, 101247.

Andrews, M. (2019). Knowing what we know: uncovering tacit knowledge for improved organizational performance, Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18(5), 26-43.

Babalhavaeji, F., & Farhadpoor, M. (2011). Environmental scanning for collecting and using information in decision making activities of central library managers of islamic azad university, Journal of University Library and Information Research, 45(57), 151-135 (in Persian).

Bernadus, G. S.; Aedah A. R.; Sri, P. L. & Alexius, U. B. (2020). Systematic review of the builder method and product of the information system strategic planning at higher education institution in indonesian, Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical & Control Systems. 12(6), 939-947.

Bhardwaj, M., & Monin, J. (2006). Tacit to explicit: an interplay shaping organization knowledge, Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(3), 72-85.

Bibi, G., Padhi, M., & Dash S. S. (2021). Theoretical necessity for rethinking knowledge in knowledge management literature, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 19(3), 396-407.

Bozorginejad, K. H., & Shahamat, N. (2017). Application of infographic mapping in schools, the second international conference and the fourth national conference on management research and humanities in Iran.  (in Persian).

Danaeifard, H., & Mozaffari, Z. (2009). Promoting validity and reliability in qualitative management research: a Reflection on Research Audit Strategies, Management Research, First Year, 162-131. (in Persian).

Gandhi, S. (2004). Knowledge Management and Reference Services, The Journal of Librarianship. 30(5), 81-368.

Gillham, B. (2000). Case Study Research Methods, Continuum, London.

Harzandi, T. M., & Ebrahimi, M. (2019). Domestic and international experiences in the field of futures research systems - web-based environmental scanning, Management Futurology, 30(1), 57-72. (In Persian).

Huang, K. P.; Wang, K. Y.; & Yao, Y. H. (2019). Social network and tacit knowledge acquisition: the role of enttrepreneurs; social skill, International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 1(3), 315-327.

Huynh T. T. M.; Tran, DH.; Pham, AD. & Le-Hoai L. (2020). Quantitative structuring for the strategy map of coastal urban projects using a hybrid approach of fuzzy logic and demateL. in: Reddy J., Wang C., Luong V., Le A. (eds) ICSCEA 2019. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 80.

Ma, L., & Turban, E. (2003). Strategic information systems for competitive advantage. in: decision modelling and information systems, Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series, 26.

Mirshah V. F., & Nazarizade, F. (2011). Environmental scanning is a tool for creating opportunities and dealing with uncertainty conditions. comparing environmental scanning experiences in three industrial and service companies, 10th International Conference on Strategic Management, Iranian Strategic Management Association. (in Persian).

Motta, E. (2013). 25 Years of knowledge acquisition, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(2), 131-134.

Mrilhas, S., & Joberto, M. (2018). Strategic knowledge management a digital environment: tactic and explicit knowledge in fab labs, Journal of Business Research 90, 353-359.

Nazari, R. (2021). The Analysis of strategic ecology of sports tourism, Sports Business Journal, 1(1), 153-162.

Nezafati, N.; Rashidi, M.; & Taghavi, M. (2011). Comparing knowledge extraction techniques and presenting a structured methodology for documenting knowledge, Public Management Perspectives Quarterly 4 (14), 63-86.  (In Persian).

Nistorescu, T. (2006). A Model for enterprises environmental scanning, university of craiova, faculty of economics and business administration, Management & Marketing journal, 4(1), 57-62.

Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.

Nugroho, A. S.; Winarno, W. W., & fatta, H. A. (2021). Strategic infrmatin system panning and infrmatin technology, Literasi Nusantara, 1(2), 128 - 140.

Quarchioni, S.; Paternostro, S., & Trovarelli, F. (2020). Knowledge management in higher education: a literature review and further research avenues, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1-16.

Rafiei, A.; Amooshahi, E.; Golestan Hashemi, M., & Cheshm Brah, M. (2015). Presenting a model for acquiring the tacit knowledge of experts, the first international conference on accounting and management in the third millennium, rasht, pishgaman novin research company. (in Persian).

Rathi, D.; Shiri, A., & Cockney, C. (2017). Environmental scan: a methodological framework to initiate digital liabrary development for communities in canada north. aslib, Journal of Information Management, 18(1).

Robinson, C. V., & Simmons, J. E. (2018). Organizing environmental scanning: exploring information source, mode and the impact of firm size. Long Range Planning, 51(4), 526-539.

Sarmento, A. (2005). Knowledge management: at a cross-way of perspectives and approaches. Information Resources Management Journal, 18(1).

Sawyerr, O. O.; Ebrahimi, B. P., & Thibodeaux, M. S. (2000). Executive environmental scanning, information source utilisation and firm performance: the case of nigeria, Journal of Applied Management Studies, 9(1), 95-115.

Semih, O., Soner K. S. & Isik, E. (2009). Long term supplier selection using a combined fuzzy mcdm approach: a case study for a telecommunication company, Journal of Expert Systems with Applications, 36(1), 87–95.

Shahin, A., & Zairi, M. (2005). Strategic management, benchmarking and the balanced score card: an integrated methodology, 6th International Management Conference.

Sheng, M. L. (2019). Foreign tacit knowledge and a capabilities perspective on mnes’ product innovativeness: examining source-recipient knowledge absorption platforms, International Journal of Information Management, 44, 154-163.

Sheng, M. L. (2019). Foreign tacit knowledge and a capabilities perspective on mnes’ product innovativeness: examining source-recipient knowledge absorption platforms, International Journal of Information Management, 44(1), 154-163.

Sleuwaegen, L. (2013). Scanning for Profitable (international) growth, Journal of Strategy and Management, 6(1), 96-110.

Smith, R. (2001). A Roadmap for knowledge management, Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 6- 16.

Stemler, S. (2001). An Overview of content analysis, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7(17), 137-146.

Talamini, E.; Wubben, E. F.; Domingo's P, A. & Dewes, H. (2013). Scanning the macro-environment for liquid biofuels: a comparative analysis from public policies in brazil, united states and germany, Journal of Strategy and Management, 6(1), 40-60.

Wagner, P. W. (2002). Knowledge Acquisition, encyclopedia of information systems, 3.

 Wang, C.; Luong, V., & Le, A. 2019. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 80. Springer, Singapore.

Weick, K. E., & Daft, R. L. (1984). Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems, Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 284-295.

Wei-Tsong, W., & Su-Ying, W. (2020). Knowledge management based on information technology in response to covid-19 crisis, Knowledge Management Research & Practice 19(4), 468-474.

Ziaee A.; Najaf Aghaei A. E.; Saffari M.; Yousefi, R.; Zenouz, C., & Hilvoorde I. V. (2020). Future drivers of leisure time physical activity in iran, physical culture and sport, Studies and Research, 86(1), 66-80.

Ziaee, S., & Rasouli, L. (2015). Factors affecting environmental scanning and data collection and use in the field of electronic publishing, Quarterly Journal of National Library and Information Studies, 26(1), 101-111.