بررسی اثر کود زیستی و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات کمی و کیفی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 20، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، فروردین 1402، صفحه 277-291   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.76146.1163

نویسندگان

محمود قجاوند؛ پورنگ کسرایی^* ؛ حمیدرضا توحیدی مقدم؛ محمد ناصری؛ حمید لاریجانی

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین-پیشوا، ایران

چکیده

مرزه تابستانی (Satureja hortensis L.) از گیاهان بومی ایران است که در طب سنتی به­عنوان داوری محرک، ضد نفخ، خلط­آور، مقوی معده، ضد اسهال و ضد سرطان کاربرد دارد. این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی برخی صفات گیاه دارویی مرزه تابستانه در پاسخ به کودهای بیولوژیک، اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش خشکی طی دو سال 1397 و 1396 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به­صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (پتانسیل رطوبت خاک 5/0- اتمسفر به‌عنوان شاهد، پتانسیل 5/6- اتمسفر به‌عنوان تنش متوسط و پتانسیل 10- اتمسفر به‌عنوان تنش شدید که در مرحله 4 تا6 برگی استقرار گیاه با کشت مستقیم) به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی اعمال شدند و فاکتورهای فرعی شامل کود بیولوژیک ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا در چهار سطح (1- عدم تلقیح به‌عنوان شاهد، 2- تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر ، 3- تلقیح بذر با میکوریزا و 4- استفاده توأم ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا) و اسید سالیسیلیک در دو سطح (1- عدم محلول­پاشی و 2- محلول­پاشی با غلظت 6/0 میلی­مولار) بودند که در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی قبل از گلدهی (85 روز بعد از مرحله 4 برگی) اعمال شدند .صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، میزان کلروفیل کل، میزان پرولین، درصد و عملکرد اسانس بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای تنش خشکی، کودی و سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورد مطالعه ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوای کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و محتوای پرولین در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بودند. اسید سالیسیلیک و کاربرد توأم ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا سبب افزایش 17 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، 19 درصدی وزن خشک بوته، 53 درصدی محتوای کلروفیل، 33 درصدی درصد اسانس و 9 درصدی عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به شاهد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ (67/48 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽمتر)، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ (83/28 گرم)، وزن خشک ریشه (27/2 گرم)، محتوای کلروفیل (18/1 میلی­گرم بر گرم)، درصد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ (87/1 درﺻﺪ) و عملکرد اسانس (912 کیلوگرم در هکتار) ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ازتوباکتر + میکوریزا بود. نتایج تحقیق حاضر حاکی از آن است که کاربرد کودهای زیستی به تنهایی و یا همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک، در بهبود ویژگی­های رشدی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی مرزه تأثیر مثبتی داشتند. امروزه استفاده از کودهای زیستی به جای مواد شیمیایی، هدف اصلی در تولید محصولات کشاورزی به­ویژه در گیاهان دارویی است. کاربرد کودهای زیستی همراه با تنظیم کننده­های رشد می­توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در این گیاه شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر؛ اسانس؛ کم آبی؛ مرزه تابستانه؛ میکوریزا

مراجع

1. Abreu, N., & Mazzafera, P. (2005). Effect of water and tempetature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypericum brasiliense choisy plant. Physiology and Biochemistry 43: 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.01.020.
2. Ahmadi,, & Omidi, H. (2019). Evaluation of morphological characteristics, yield components and catalase enzymes activity of Lallemantia royleana Benth. under drought stress. Journal of Agroecology 11(2): 757-774. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/JAG.V11I2.69373.
3. Ahmed, M., Hagagy, N., & AbdElgawad, H. (2021). Establishment of actinobacteria–Satureja hortensis interactions under future climate CO₂-enhanced crop productivity in drought environments of Saudi Arabia. Environ Science Pollut Research 28: 62853–62867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14777-7.
4. Andalibi, , Mohammadi Azar, M., Esmailpour, B., & Shekari, F. (2021). Study on effects of salicylic acid and nanosilicon on some morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil of Lallemantia iberica (M.B.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 37(2): 364-380. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2021.353581.2943.
5. Arnon, I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Poly phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1.
6. Babaei, , Amini Dehaghi, M., Modarres Sanavi, A., & Jabbari, R. (2011). The effect of drought stress on morphological traits, proline content and thymol percentage in thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 26(2): 239-251. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/IJMAPR.2010.6939.
7. Bahamin, (2011). The effect of biological, animal and chemical fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower. Master Thesis in Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University. Birjand, Korasan Shomali, Iran.
8. Bannayan, , Nadjafi, F., Azizi, M., Tabrizi, L., & Rastgoo, M. (2008). Yield and seed quality of Plantago ovata and Nigella sativa under different irrigation treatments. Industrial Crops and Products 27: 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.05.002.
9. Bates, S., Waldern, R.P., & Teave, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060.
10. Bergottini, M., Otegui M.B., Sosa D.A., Zapata P.D., Mulot M., Rebord M., & Junier P. (2015). Bio-inoculation of yerba mate seedlings (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) with native plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria: a sustainable alternative to improve crop yield. Biology and Fertility of Soils 51: 749-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1012-5.
11. Bimbiraite-Survilien, K., Stankeviˇcius, M., Šuštauskaite, S., Gegotek, A., Maruška, A., Skrzydlewska, E., Barsteigiene, Z., Akunea, I., Ragažinskiene, O., & Lukošius, A. (2021). Evaluation of chemical composition, radical scavenging and antitumor activities of Satureja hortensis Herb Extracts Antioxidants 10(53): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010053.
12. Dadkhah, , Amini Dehghi, M., & Kafi, M. (2012). Investigating the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10(2): 321-326. (In Persian with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.22067/GSC.V10I2.16214.
13. Darzi, M.T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M.R., & Rejali, F. (2012). Effects of cattle manure and plant growth promoter bacteria application on some morphological traits and yield in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 28(3): 434-446. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/IJMAPR.2012.2945.
14. Dastborhan, , Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Nasrollahzadeh, S., & Tavassoli, A.R. (2011). Effect of biofertilizers and different amounts of nitrogen on yield of flower and essential oil and nitrogen use efficiency of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 27(2): 290-305. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/IJMAPR.2011.6414.
15. Esmaielpour, , Faraji-Mehmany, A., Sefidkon, F., Abbaszadeh, B., Khavazi, K., & Ghanbari, A. (2014). Effects of biofertilizers on growth criteria, quantitative and qualitative yield of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology 6(4): 870-879. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/0.22067/jag.v6i4.30571.
16. Esmaielpour, , Jalilvand, P., & Hadian, J. (2013). Effects of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some morphophysiological traits and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis L.), Journal of Agroecology 5(2): 169-177. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/JAG.V5I2.24496.
17. Ghaderi, , Noee, A., Ahmadi, K., & Saborifard, H. (2020). Evaluation the effects of Thiobacillus biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis L., Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants 8(2): 13-29. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23223235.1399.8.2.2.4.
18. Ghesmati, , & Moradinezhad, F. (2019). Influence of different levels of organic fertilizers on quantitative and biochemical properties of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. F. & Esfand. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants 7(2): 78-90. (In Persian with English abstract) https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23223235.1398.7.2.6.1.
19. Ghollarata, , & Raiesi, F. (2007). The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties. Journal Soil Biology and Biochem 39: 1699-1702. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.024.
20. Goksoy, T., Demir, A.O., Turan, Z.M., & Daustu, N. (2004). Responses of sunflower to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field Crop Research 87: 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.11.004.
21. Gorgini Shabankareh, , & Khorasaninejad, S. (2017). Effect of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid on the yeild and qualitative characteristics in rosemary under water-deficit regimes, Journal of Crops Improvement 19(2): 475-491. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.83372008.1396.19.2.17.5.
22. Haghir Ebrahimabadi, A., Hatami, M., Karimzadeh, Asl K., & Ghorbanpour, M. (2018). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and biophosphor fertilizer on growth features, yield and yield components, and essntial oil constituents in Cuminum cyminum Journal Medicinal Plants 17(66): 74-90. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.2717204.2018.17.66.3.1.
23. Karagiannidisa, , Thomidisa, T., Lazarib, D., Panou-Filotheoua, E., & Karagiannidoua, C. (2011). Effect of three Greek arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving the growth,nutrient oncentration, and production of essential oils of oregano and mint plants. Science Horticulture 129(2): 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.043.
24. Lamian, , Naghdibadi, H.A., Ladan Moghadam, A.R., & Mehrafarin, A. (2015). Changes of morpho-physiological traits, essential oil and methyl chavicol content of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) to Mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) inoculation and salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 14(56): 64-77. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.2717204.2015.14.56.12.9.
25. Mahgoub, H., Abd El Aziz, N.G., & Mazhar, A.M.A., (2011). Response of Dahlia pinnata L. plant to foliar spray with putrescine and thiamine on growth, flowering and photosynthetic pigments. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 10(5): 769-775.
26. Mahmoodzadeh, , Rasooli Sedghiani, M.H., Asghari Lejayer, H., & Hasani, A. (2016). The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on nutrient uptake and some morphological factors in peppermint (Mentha piperita). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production 6(1): 161-176. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22069/EJSMS.2016.3009.
27. Mirzaei, , Akbartabar, M., Sadeghi, H., & Sharifi, B. (2010). The antioxidant activities and total phenolic of Artemisia Martima, Achillea Millefoliumand and Matricaria Recutica. Journal of Armaghan Danesh 15(1): 243-252. (In Persian with English abstract)
28. Mohammadi, , Sefidkon, F., Asadi-Sanam, S., & Kalatejari, S. (2021). Effects of nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 37(2): 193-213. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/0.22092/IJMAPR.2021.351383.2840.
29. Motahari, , Abbas, H., Moradi, P., & Motahari, H. (2011). Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhiza on yield, yield components and essential oils of Marigold, The first national conference on modern agricultural Sciences and Technologies. Zanjan University, 10-12 September 2011. (In Persian with English Abstract)
30. Mumivand, , Nooshkam, A., Moseni, A., & Babalar, M. (2013). Influence of nitrogen and calcium carbonate application rates on nitrate accumulation and yield of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). European Journal Crops Production 6(2): 109-124. https://doi.org/ 20.1001.1.2008739.1392.6.3.7.7.
31. Nosh Kam, A., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Hadian, J., Jahansuz, M.R., Khavazi, K., Salehnia, A., & Hedayatpour, S. (2016). Study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of savory specie (Satureja khuzestanica jamzad) Journal of Crop Production 8(4): 87-103. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.2008739.1394.8.4.5.1.
32. Rahimi, , Dovlati, B., Amirnia, R., & Heydarzade, S. (2020). Effect of application of mycorrhizal fungus and Azotobacter on physiological characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under water stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology 11(4): 1-18. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22108/IJPB.2019.116384.1149.
33. Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Aminghafori, A., Bakhshaie, S., & Jafari, L. (2013). The effect of organic and biofertilizers on some quantitative characteristics and essential oil content of summer savory (Satureja hortensis). Agroecology 5(2): 105-112. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/JAG.V5I2.24460.
34. Rmarde, (2013). Interaction effects of salicylic acid foliar application and different irrigation treatments on some quantitative, qualitative and osmotic properties of basil. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology Applied Research 1(1): 3-19.
35. Rowshan, , & Haiati, P. (2013). Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth factors and quality and quantity of essential oil in Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 29(4): 808-817.
36. Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of osmotic strees, new perspectives for molecular studies, Mycorrhiza 13: 309-317. https://doi.org/110.1007/s00572-003-0237-6.
37. Saki, A., Mozafari, H., Asl, K.K., Sani, B., & Mirza, M. (2019). Plant yield, antioxidant capacity and essential oil quality of Satureja mutica supplied with cattle manure and wheat straw in different plant densities. Commun Soil Science Plant Analysis 51: 2683-2693. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1670835.
38. Salarpour Qhoraba, F., & Farahbakhsh, H. (2021). Effects of chitosan foliar application on some physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris ) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 37(2): 530-548. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2021.354361.2981.
39. Sanchooli, (2007). Effects of different ratios of manure and chemical fertilizer and mixture on soil properties, yield and yield components of corn. Msc Thesis in Agronomy, University of Zabol, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract)
40. Shabkhiz, , Javanmard, A., Ostadi, A., & Morshedloo, M.R. (2021). Improving quantity and quality of Thymus daenensis Celak. essential oil with application of Myco-Root biofertilizer under different irrigation levels. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 37(2): 434-456. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/JAG.V7I2.50231.
41. Sharafkhaneh, , Jahan, M., Banayan, Aval, M., Kouchaki, A. & Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2015). The effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, essential oil percentage and some agroecological characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under Mashhad conditions. Journal of Agricultural Ecology 7(2): 179-189. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2014.4307.
42. Soleimani-Ahmadi, M., Abtahi, S.M., Madani, A., Paksa, A., Abadi, Y.S., Gorouhi, M.A., & Sanei-Dehkordi, A. (2017). Phytochemical profile and mosquito larvicidal activity of the essential oil from aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge against malaria and Lymphatic filariasis vectors. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 20: 328-336. (In Persian with English abstract)
43. Soltanian, , Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Asili, J. (2021). The effect of water stress, chemical and organic fertilizers on biomass, seed yield and root phenolic compounds of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). Journal of Horticultural Science 34(4): 593-603. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v34i4.82030.
44. Wang, , Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., & Wang, Y. (2018). What could promote farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production 199: 882-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.222.
45. Weisany, , Rahimzadeh, S., & Sohrabi, Y. (2012). Effect of biofertilizers on morphological, physiological characteristic and essential oil content in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 28(1): 73-87. https://doi.org/10.22092/IJMAPR.2012.4014.
46. Wu, C., Caob, Z.H., Lib, Z.G., Cheunga, K.C., & Wong, M.H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125: 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.07.003.
47. Yazdanpanah, , Baghizadeh, A., & Abbassi, F., (2011). The interaction between drought stress and salicylic and ascorbic acids on some biochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(4): 798-807. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.405.