بررسی اثر کود زیستی و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات کمی و کیفی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 20، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، خرداد 1402، صفحه 277-291   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.76146.1163

نویسندگان

محمود قجاوند؛ پورنگ کسرایی^* ؛ حمیدرضا توحیدی مقدم؛ محمد ناصری؛ حمید لاریجانی

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین-پیشوا

چکیده

مرزه تابستانی (Satureja hortensis L.) از گیاهان بومی ایران است که در طب سنتی به­عنوان داوری محرک، ضد نفخ، خلط­آور، مقوی معده، ضد اسهال و ضد سرطان کاربرد دارد. این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی برخی صفات گیاه دارویی مرزه تابستانه در پاسخ به کودهای بیولوژیک، اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش خشکی طی دو سال 1397 و 1396 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به­صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (پتانسیل رطوبت خاک 5/0- اتمسفر به‌عنوان شاهد، پتانسیل 5/6- اتمسفر به‌عنوان تنش متوسط و پتانسیل 10- اتمسفر به‌عنوان تنش شدید که در مرحله 4 تا6 برگی استقرار گیاه با کشت مستقیم) به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی اعمال شدند و فاکتورهای فرعی شامل کود بیولوژیک ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا در چهار سطح (1- عدم تلقیح به‌عنوان شاهد، 2- تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر ، 3- تلقیح بذر با میکوریزا و 4- استفاده توأم ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا) و اسید سالیسیلیک در دو سطح (1- عدم محلول­پاشی و 2- محلول­پاشی با غلظت 6/0 میلی­مولار) بودند که در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی قبل از گلدهی (85 روز بعد از مرحله 4 برگی) اعمال شدند .صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، میزان کلروفیل کل، میزان پرولین، درصد و عملکرد اسانس بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای تنش خشکی، کودی و سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورد مطالعه ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوای کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و محتوای پرولین در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بودند. اسید سالیسیلیک و کاربرد توأم ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا سبب افزایش 17 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، 19 درصدی وزن خشک بوته، 53 درصدی محتوای کلروفیل، 33 درصدی درصد اسانس و 9 درصدی عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به شاهد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ (67/48 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽمتر)، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ (83/28 گرم)، وزن خشک ریشه (27/2 گرم)، محتوای کلروفیل (18/1 میلی­گرم بر گرم)، درصد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ (87/1 درﺻﺪ) و عملکرد اسانس (912 کیلوگرم در هکتار) ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ازتوباکتر + میکوریزا بود. نتایج تحقیق حاضر حاکی از آن است که کاربرد کودهای زیستی به تنهایی و یا همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک، در بهبود ویژگی­های رشدی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی مرزه تأثیر مثبتی داشتند. امروزه استفاده از کودهای زیستی به جای مواد شیمیایی، هدف اصلی در تولید محصولات کشاورزی به­ویژه در گیاهان دارویی است. کاربرد کودهای زیستی همراه با تنظیم کننده­های رشد می­توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در این گیاه شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر؛ اسانس؛ کم آبی؛ مرزه تابستانه؛ میکوریزا

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