اثر جلبک‌های اسپیرولینا و قهوه‌ای و سطوح سرب بر برخی شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه کلم زینتی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 18، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، خرداد 1402، صفحه 245-259   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.75809.1158

نویسندگان

افسانه هوشمند¹؛ میترا اعلائی^{* 2}؛ مسعود ارغوانی³؛ فهیمه صالحی¹

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

²عضو هئیت علمی گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

³استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سرب یکی از فلزات سنگین و آلاینده‌های مهم زیست بوم شناخته شده است. استفاده از گیاهان جهت رفع آلودگی خاک یا گیاه‌پالایی، روشی مقرون به صرفه می‌باشد. امروزه با توجه به افزایش آلودگی منابع خاک و مشکلات ناشی از آن، شناسایی گیاهان مفید در این زمینه ضروری به‌نظری می‌رسد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر فلز سنگین سرب و کاربرد جلبک قهوه‌ای و اسپیرولینا بر کلم زینتی رقم ’پیچ­دار‘ (Brassica oleracea L.) و بررسی گیاه­پالایی در این گیاه انجام گردید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 1399 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی و پژوهشی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل سرب از منبع نیترات سرب با سه غلظت (صفر، 25و50 میلی‌­گرم بر کیلوگرم) در چهار تکرار و در دو مرحله با فاصله زمانی دو هفته به خاک گلدان‌ها اعمال شد. فاکتور دوم شامل عدم وجود جلبک (شاهد)، جلبک قهوه‌ای (Polycladia indica) و جلبک اسپیرولینا(Arthrospira platensis)  در چهار تکرار بود. صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی اندازه­گیری شده نیز شامل تعداد برگ­های هر بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، کلروفیل کل، آنتی­اکسیدان کل، آنزیم پراکسیداز، گلایسین بتائین، مالون دی آلدهید، سرب برگ و فسفر برگ بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاکی از تاثیر معنادار سطوح مختلف سرب و اثر جلبک­ها بر صفات تعداد برگ‌های هر بوته، شاخص سطح برگ و وزن‌تر و خشک ریشه‌، کلروفیل کل و آنتی­اکسیدان کل بود. علاوه بر این اثرات متقابل برای صفات شاخص سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، آنتی‌اکسیدان کل و میزان سرب برگ معنی­دار گردید. مقادیر گلایسین بتائین، مالون دی آلدهید و فسفر برگ در اثر اصلی سرب در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار شد. طبق نتایج مقایسه میانگین میزان سرب برگ با افزایش غلظت سرب بیشتر شده است که البته جلبک­ها به عنوان یک عامل کمکی می‌توانند میزان جذب سرب موجود در گیاه را کاهش دهند. میزان فسفر برگ نیز تحت تاثیر اثر اصلی سرب و جلبک معنی­دار شد و بیشترین میزان فسفر با میانگین درصد 56/0 درصد در جلبک اسپیرولینا و کمترین 48/0 درصد در شاهد مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فسفر؛ فلزات سنگین؛ کود زیستی؛ گیاه‌پالایی؛ مالون دی آلدهید

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