تأثیر کاربرد برگی منابع مختلف کودی نانو کلات ( نیتروژن و پتاسیم) و کودهای شیمیایی (اوره و نیترات پتاسیم) بر عملکرد و خواص کیفی روغن زیتون رقم ̓ زرد̒

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 10، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 147-164   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2023.81601.1246

نویسندگان

زهره روحی ویشکائی^{* 1}؛ علی سلیمانی²؛ محمود قاسم نژاد³؛ اکبر حسنی⁴

¹مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، رشت، ایران

²گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

³علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

⁴گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

محدوده وسیعی از ترکیبات کودی با فرمول‌ها و کارایی‌های مختلف در بازارهای جهانی موجود می‌باشد. علاوه بر کودهای شیمیایی مرسوم، کودهای کمپلکس شده آلی در ابعاد نانو به‌عنوان یک نوآوری در بخش تغذیه کشاورزی محسوب می‌شوند. بنابراین، برای ارزیابی تأثیر چنین کودهایی در کشت و کار زیتون پژوهشی طی دو سال متوالی 1398 تا 1399 در یک باغ تجاری انجام گرفت. تیمارهای تغذیه شامل پنج تیمار از ترکیب عناصر نیتروژن و پتاسیم با دو منبع کودی نانو کود (نانو کود کلات نیتروژن و نانو کود کلات پتاسیم nano-NK) و کود شیمیایی (اوره و نیترات پتاسیم NK) بود. مقدار کود استفاده شده از هر دو منبع شامل دو سطح از غلظت‌های 02/1 و 81/0 گرم در لیتر (N₁K₁  و nano-N₁K₁) و 36/1 و 08/1 گرم در لیتر (N₂K₂ و nano-N₂K₂) به‌ترتیب نیتروژن و پتاسیم خالص بود که در چهار مرحله تورم جوانه، قبل از شکوفایی گل‌آذین، سخت شدن هسته میوه و بعد از برداشت کنسروی میوه روی درختان محلول‌پاشی برگی شد. درختان شاهد در همان مراحل زمانی با آب محلول‌پاشی ‌شدند. نتایج نشان داد که درختان تحت تیمار N₂K₂ دارای بالاترین عملکرد (43/36 کیلوگرم) بودند. از نظر محتوای عناصر معدنی هر دو فرم کاربردی کود منجر به افزایش غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و پتاسیم برگ در دو زمان اندازه‌گیری یعنی مراحل سخت شدن هسته میوه و بعد از برداشت کنسروی میوه در مقایسه با درختان شاهد شدند. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل برگ مربوط به تیمار nano-N₁K₁ با میانگین به‌ترتیب 60/2 و 48/2 میلی‌گرم ‌بر گرم وزن تر در دو زمان اندازه‌گیری بود. تیمار  nano-N₁K₁در مرحله سخت شدن هسته میوه و تیمار nano-N₂K₂ در مرحله بعد از برداشت کنسروی میوه باعث افزایش مقدار کربوهیدرات برگ به‌ترتیب 39/1 و 48/1 برابر بالاتر از تیمار شاهد شد. تیمار nano-N₁K₁ با وجود عملکرد کمتر، نه تنها باعث افزایش درصد روغن شد بلکه منجر به بهبود خصوصیات کیفی روغن (اسیدچرب آزاد، ارزش پراکسید، شاخص‌های K₂₃₂، K₂₇₀ و رنگیزه‌های روغن)، محتوای فنل کل، آنتی‌اکسیدان و پروفایل اسید چرب نیز گردید. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، در مجموع عملکرد میوه تحت تأثیر تیمار کودهای اوره و نیترات پتاسیم در غلظت بالاتر و ویژگی‌های کیفی روغن زیتون متأثر از تیمار با غلظت پائین‌تر نانو کلات قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروفایل اسید چرب؛ تغذیه برگی؛ زیتون؛ ظرفیت آنتی‎اکسیدان

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