تأثیر میزان نیتروژن و آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، کمی و کیفی میوه گوجه‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای رقم ̓ نیوتن ̒

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 14، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 213-233   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2023.85208.1301

نویسندگان

سعید محمدزاده¹؛ مرتضی گلدانی^{* 2}؛ فاطمه یعقوبی¹؛ محمد بنایان اول³

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

مدیریت پایدار مصرف آب و کودهای نیتروژن برای حصول تولید بالا حائز اهمیت است. به‌­منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی در دو سال 01-1400 و 02-1401 به­‌صورت اسپلیت­پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. میزان آب آبیاری به­‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح 75، 100 و 125 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و عنصر غذایی نیتروژن به­‌عنوان عامل فرعی در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، 75 (5/7 گرم در متر مربع)، 150 (15 گرم در متر مربع) و 225 (5/22 گرم در متر مربع) کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع اوره در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان عملکرد (1/65 کیلوگرم در متر مربع) در آبیاری 125 درصد نیاز آبی و کود نیتروژن 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. هرچند، در تیمار شاهد بدون کود، آبیاری 100 و 125 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی‌­داری در عملکرد نداشتند. در تمام تیمارهای کودی، بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد و تیمارهای 75 و 125 درصد نیاز آبی به‌‌ترتیب در جایگاه دوم و سوم قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف آب (285 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی و کود نیتروژن 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان تجمع نیترات در خوشه ششم (12/6 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و هفتم (29/6 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) در تیمار آبیاری 75 درصد نیاز آبی و کود نیتروژن 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در خوشه هشتم (43/6 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) در تیمار آبیاری به میزان 100 درصد نیاز آبی و مصرف 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن به‌دست آمد. به‌­طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد هر چند مصرف زیاد کود نیتروژن باعث افزایش تجمع نیترات در سطوح مختلف آبی شد، ولی افزایش حجم آبیاری علاوه‌بر افزایش خصوصیات عملکردی، میزان تجمع نیترات را در گوجه‌­فرنگی کاهش داد. همچنین، تفاوت عملکرد میوه در آبیاری 125 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی محسوس نبود و با مصرف کمتر آب، مقدار تولید بهینه و کارایی مصرف بهبود یافت. لذا باتوجه‌به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده بهترین تیمار مورد توصیه در شرایط گلخانه‌­ای، آبیاری به میزان 100 درصد نیاز آبی و مصرف 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنه می­‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجمع نیترات؛ عملکرد؛ کاروتنوئید؛ نیاز آبی

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