بررسی سیر تحول رویه‌های مدیریت منابع آب در جهان:گذار از «مدیریت به‌هم‌پیوستۀ منابع آب» به «حکمرانی پیوند آب، انرژی و غذا»

جغرافیاوتوسعه ناحیه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 22، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 47، مرداد 1403، صفحه 103-137   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jgrd.2024.84996.1352

نویسندگان

آمنه یادگاری¹؛ عباس امینی^{* 2}؛ علی یوسفی³

¹کاندیدای دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی،دانشگاه اصفهان،اصفهان،ایران

²دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

³استادیار گروه توسعۀ روستایی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

با وجود آنکه برای سالیان بسیار مسئلۀ کمبود آب به شکاف میان تقاضای موجود و تأمین لازم منتسب می‌شد، به‌‌تدریج شواهد امر نشان داد که کم‌آبی در کشورهای کم‌آب جهان، فراتر از کمبود موجودی منابع آب به حکمرانی ناکارآمد آب مرتبط است؛ از سوی دیگر مسائل بخش آب به‌ دلیل آنکه از تأثیر متقابل مؤلفه‌های طبیعی، اجتماعی و سیاسی پدیدار شده‌اند، از جنس مسائل پیچیده و بغرنجند و در اصل، ماهیت‌ میان‌رشته‌ای دارند. این‌گونه ملاحظات، اعتبار رویه‌هایی از مدیریت آب را که تنها به اتکای قضاوت‌های کاملاً علمی یا فنی تجهیز شده، تضعیف می‌کند و برایناساس، یافتن راه‌کار برای چنین مسائلی تعیین ‌کنندۀ ظرفیت نظام حکمرانی آب تلقی می‌شود. در این شرایط، مدیریت و حکمرانی پایدار منابع ‌آب، نیازمند چهارچوب نظری است که ادراک ما از اهمیت منابع آب و شیوۀ ادارۀ آن‌ را تغییر دهد. درعین‌حال، این پرسش اساسی مطرح است که چرا با وجود بیش از دو دهه کاربرد مدیریت به‌هم‌پیوستۀ منابع آب (IWRM) به‌عنوان شیوۀ متداول مدیریت دولتی آب در کشورها، هنوز تغییری در مرزهای بخشی‌نگری به وجود نیامده است؟ مطالعۀ حاضر در پی پاسخ به این پرسش، با مرور تحلیلی و نظام‌مند سیر تحول رویه‌های مدیریت منابع آب در جهان و کنکاش پیرامون مشکلات شیوه‌های ادارۀ متمرکز بخش آب، به معرفی حکمرانی چندمرکزی پیوند آب، انرژی و امنیت ‌غذایی (WEFN) به‌عنوان رویکردی نوین و جایگزین پرداخته است. براساس نتایج، رویکرد پیوند که پس از شکست راهبرد‌های مدیریت بخش‌محور پدید آمده و امروزه در بین پژوهشگران بخش آب به‌عنوان استعاره‌ای برای توصیف ماهیت به‌هم‌پیوستۀ منابع مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، به‌مثابه‌ پلی برای گذار از تنگناهای بخشی‌نگری معرفی می‌شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

مدیریت منابع آب؛ مدیریت به‌هم‌پیوسته؛ حکمرانی آب؛ حکمرانی چندمرکزی؛ پیوند آب؛ انرژی و غذا

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