News

 Statistics

Number of Journals52
Number of Issues2,126
Number of Articles21,993
Article View94,193,311
PDF Download28,999,647
Habibi, A., Ghazanfari, S., Karimi Torshizi, M., Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh, A. (2024). The Effects of Adding Black Seed, L-Carnitine, and Vitamin E on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Japanese Laying Quail under Heat Stress. , 16(1), 101-124. doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2024.85782.1185
Atefe Habibi; Shokoufe Ghazanfari; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Abdollah Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh. "The Effects of Adding Black Seed, L-Carnitine, and Vitamin E on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Japanese Laying Quail under Heat Stress". , 16, 1, 2024, 101-124. doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2024.85782.1185
Habibi, A., Ghazanfari, S., Karimi Torshizi, M., Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh, A. (2024). 'The Effects of Adding Black Seed, L-Carnitine, and Vitamin E on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Japanese Laying Quail under Heat Stress', , 16(1), pp. 101-124. doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2024.85782.1185
Habibi, A., Ghazanfari, S., Karimi Torshizi, M., Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh, A. The Effects of Adding Black Seed, L-Carnitine, and Vitamin E on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Japanese Laying Quail under Heat Stress. , 2024; 16(1): 101-124. doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2024.85782.1185

The Effects of Adding Black Seed, L-Carnitine, and Vitamin E on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Japanese Laying Quail under Heat Stress

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران
Article 8, Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 57, March 2024, Pages 101-124    PDF (2.02 M)
Document Type: Research Articles
DOI: 10.22067/ijasr.2024.85782.1185
Authors
Atefe Habibi1; Shokoufe Ghazanfari* 1; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi2; Abdollah Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh1
1PhD Student, Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: The Japanese quail is a species known for its short production period and high productivity. Due to their small size and low feed requirements, they are considered a cost-effective option for egg production compared to other poultry species. Additionally, quail eggs are recognized for their superior nutritional value compared to regular chicken eggs. However, there is a need for effective methods to enhance productivity, especially in stressful situations. Previous research has indicated that the use of certain dietary supplements can address this issue and improve the productive traits of birds. Therefore, there is considerable scientific interest in studying the effects of natural compounds such as black seed and L-carnitine on the productive performance of laying Japanese quails, both under normal conditions and during heat stress. Investigating these factors can provide valuable insights into the development of strategies to effectively manage and optimize egg production in laying Japanese quails. This, in turn, would contribute to the sustainability and profitability of the poultry industry. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of black seed, L-carnitine, and vitamin E on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and immune responses of Japanese laying quails.
Materials and Methods: A total of 500 Japanese laying quails were included in this study. They were divided into two temperature conditions: normal temperature and high temperature (36 degrees Celsius for 6 hours per day). Additionally, there were five experimental treatments: control diet (without any additives), black seed (1.5% black seed diet), L-carnitine (250 ppm + control diet), 1.5% black seed + 250 ppm L-carnitine diet, and Vitamin E diet (200 ppm + control diet). This resulted in a 5x2 factorial experiment with a total of 10 treatments, 5 replications, and 10 quails per replication. The study consisted of three phases: an adaptation period to the experimental diets lasting two weeks, exposure to the designated temperature conditions for five weeks, and a three-week recovery period. During these phases, various parameters were measured and recorded, including productive performance, carcass characteristics, and blood biochemical and immune indicators (such as triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL concentrations, heterophil, and lymphocyte percentages) under both heat stress and recovery periods in Japanese laying quails. Data analysis was performed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) method with the assistance of SAS software. Mean comparisons were conducted using Tukey's multiple range tests.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study revealed several important findings. During the initial two weeks of the experiment, the consumption of feed containing black seed + L-carnitine led to the highest feed intake, while diets containing black seed, black seed + L-carnitine, and vitamin E demonstrated the highest egg mass compared to the control group (P<0.05). During the heat stress period, high temperatures caused a decrease in feed intake, egg weight, egg production, and egg mass. However, the consumption of feed containing black seed + L-carnitine resulted in increased feed intake, and diets containing black seed, black seed + L-carnitine, and vitamin E showed increased egg production and mass compared to the control group. Furthermore, vitamin E exhibited a better conversion coefficient (P<0.05). During the recovery period, high temperatures led to a decrease in feed intake but an increase in bird body weight. The control group exhibited the lowest feed intake and body weight, whereas diets containing black seed, black seed + L-carnitine, and vitamin E demonstrated the highest egg production and egg mass compared to the control group. Birds fed diets with black seed and vitamin E exhibited a better conversion coefficient (P<0.05). Regarding carcass yield and relative liver weight, the effect of environmental temperature and experimental treatments during both heat stress and recovery periods was not significant. However, the consumption of black seed, L-carnitine, and vitamin E was found to increase carcass yield and relative heart weight. Additionally, high temperatures increased the relative liver weight (P<0.05). Moreover, birds fed control and black seed diets at normal and high temperatures exhibited higher blood cholesterol levels compared to other experimental treatments. In normal temperature conditions and diets containing vitamin E and L-carnitine, a higher percentage of lymphocytes was observed in the blood. In high temperature conditions and diets containing L-carnitine and vitamin E, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was also higher (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Finally, the findings of this study highlight the beneficial effects of incorporating black seed, L-carnitine, and vitamin E into the diet of Japanese laying quails, both under normal and high-temperature conditions. These dietary interventions have shown positive impacts on the performance of the quails. Consequently, these results can serve as valuable guidance for quail breeders and producers in selecting suitable feed regimens to manage heat stress in Japanese quail layers, thereby enhancing performance efficiency, carcass characteristics, and blood lipid and immune parameters.
Keywords
Black seed; Heat stress; Japanese laying quails; L-carnitine
References
  1. Abd El-Hack, M. E., Mahgoub, S. A., Hussein, M. M., & Saadeldin, I. M. (2018). Improving growth performance and health status of meat-type quail by supplementing the diet with black cumin cold-pressed oil as a natural alternative for antibiotics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 1157-1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0514-0.
  2. Abdou, A., & Rashed, G. G. (2015). Effect of black seed (Nigella sativa) and garlic (Allium sativum) feed supplements on productive performance and some physiological and immunological responses of Japanese quail. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 18(1), 129-141. http://dx.doi: 10.21608/ejnf.2015.104793.
  3. Abedi, P., Vakili, S. T., Mamouei, M., & Aghaei, A. (2017). Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin E on reproductive and productive performances in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In Veterinary Research Forum, 8(4), 353–359.
  4. Abou-Elkhair, R., Abdo Basha, H., Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby, W., Ajarem, J. S., Maodaa, S. N., Allam, A. A., & Naiel, M. A. (2020). Effect of a diet supplemented with the Moringa oleifera seed powder on the performance, egg quality, and gene expression in Japanese laying quail under heat-stress. Animals, 10(5), 809. http://dx.org/10.3390/ani10050809.
  5. AbouEl-Soud, S. B. (2000). Studies on some biological and immunological aspects in Japanese quail fed diet containing some Nigella sativa seeds preparations. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 20, 757-776.
  6. Ahmadi, K., Ebadzade, H. R., Hatami, F., Mohammadnia Afroozi, S. H., Eafandiaripour, E., & Abbas Taghani, R. (2021). Agricultural Statistics Letter, 156. (In Persian).
  7. Al-Beitawi, N. A., El-Ghousein, S. S., & Nofal, A. H. (2009). Replacing bacitracin methylene disalicylate by crushed Nigella sativa seeds in broiler rations and its effects on growth, blood constituents and immunity. Livestock Science, 125(2-3), 304-307. http://dx.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.03.012.
  8. Alemi, M., Samadi, F., & Samadi, S., (2015). Effect of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf powder and vitamin E on performance and some blood parameters of meat type Japanese quail. Animal Production, 16(2), 147-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/jap.2014.52788.
  9. Al-Sagan, A. A., Khalil, S., Hussein, E. O., & Attia, Y. A. (2020). Effects of fennel seed powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic efficiency of broilers under thermoneutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Animals, 10(2), http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020206.
  10. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Arlington (VA): Association of official analytical chemists.
  11. Arslan, C., Citil, M., & Saatci, M. (2004). Effects of L-carnitine administration on growth performance, carcass traits and some serum components of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 68, 111-114.
  12. Asghar, M. U., Doğan, S. C., Wilk, M., & Korczyński, M. (2022). Effect of dietary supplementation of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Animals, 12(10), 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101298.
  13. Attia, Y. A., Abd El-Hamid, A. E. H. E., Abedalla, A. A., Berika, M. A., Al-Harthi, M. A., Kucuk, O., Sahin, K., & Abou-Shehema, B. M. (2016). Laying performance, digestibility and plasma hormones in laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress as affected by betaine, vitamin C, and/or vitamin E supplementation. SpringerPlus, 5, 1-12. http://dx.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3304-0.
  14. Attia, Y. A., El, A. E. R. E. T., Zeweil, H. S., Hussein, A. S., Qota, E. S. M., & Arafat, M. A. (2008). The effect of supplementation of enzyme on laying and reproductive performance in Japanese quail hens fed Nigella seed meal. The Journal of Poultry Science, 45(2), 110-115. http://dx.org/10.2141/jpsa.45.110.
  15. Augustyniak, A., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2009). L-Carnitine in the lipid and protein protection against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Alcohol, 43(3), 217-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.12.005.
  16. Aydin, R., Karaman, M., Cicek, T., & Yardibi, H. (2008). Black cumin (Nigella sativa) supplementation into the diet of the laying hen positively influences egg yield parameters, shell quality, and decreases egg cholesterol. Poultry Science, 87(12), 2590-2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00097.
  17. Aziza, A. E., Abdelhamid, F. M., Risha, E. F., Elsayed, M. M., & Awadin, W. F. (2019). Influence of Nigella sativa and rosemary oils on growth performance, biochemical, antioxidant and immunological parameters, and pathological changes in Japanese quail challenged with Escherichia coli. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 28, 354-366. http://dx.doi: 10.22358/jafs/114239/2019.
  18. Azizi-Chekosari, M., Bouyeh, M., Seidavi, A., & Ventura, M. R. (2021). Effect of dietary supplementation with L-carnitine and fenofibrate on broiler chickens. South African Journal of Animal Science, 51(5), 587-603.
  19. Badary, O. A., Abdel-Naim, A. B., Abdel-Wahab, M. H., & Hamada, F. M. (2000). The influence of thymoquinone on doxorubicin-induced hyperlipidemic nephropathy in rats. Toxicology, 143(3), 219-226. http://dx.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00179-1.
  20. Bartlett, J. R., & Smith, M. O. (2003). Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science, 82(10), 1580-1588. http://dx.org/10.1093/ps/82.10.1580.
  21. Batool, F., Bilal, R. M., Hassan, F. U., Nasir, T. A., Rafeeque, M., Elnesr, S. S., Farag, M. R., Mahgoub, H. A. M., Naiel, M. A. E., & Alagawany, M. (2023). An updated review on behavior of domestic quail with reference to the negative effect of heat stress. Animal Biotechnology, 34(2), 424-437. http://dx.org/10.1080/10495398.2021.1951281.
  22. Beshara, M. M., & Rizk, Y. S. (2022). Impact of supplementing L-carnitine on productive and reproductive performance of mamoura chicken during the inter season. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 42(2), 171-185. http://dx.doi: 10.21608/epsj.2022.249544.
  23. Benzie, I. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76.
  24. Bölükbaşi, Ş. C., Kaynar, Ö., Erhan, M. K., & Urupan, H. (2009). Effect of feeding Nigella sativa oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia coli count in feces. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 73(3), 167-172.
  25. Carrol, M. C., & Core, E. (2001). Carnitine. Compendium: Continuing Education For the Practising Veterinarian-North American Edition, 23, 45-52.
  26. Ciftci, M., Şimşek, U. G., Azman, M. A., l Çerçi, I. H., & Tonbak, F. (2013). The effects of dietary rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) oil supplementation on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of Japanese quail under heat stressed condition. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4). http://dx.doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2012.8474.
  27. Erişir, Z., Şimşek, Ü. G., Özçelik, M., Baykalır, Y., Mutlu, S. İ., & Çiftçi, M. (2018). Effects of dietary grape seed on performance and some metabolic assessments in Japanese quail with different plumage colors exposed to heat stress. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/rbz4720170172.
  28. Gómez, M. D., Urbina, J. A., López, F., & Rosales, F. H. (2006). L-carnitine-induced modulation of plasma fatty acids metabolism in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Revista Electrónica de Biomedicina, (1), 33-41.
  29. Hai, L., Rong, D., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2000). The effect of thermal environment on the digestion of broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 83(2), 57-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2000. 00223.x.
  30. Hamza, R. M. B., AL-Jashami, S. M., & AL-Khafaji, F. R. (2016). Effect of adding different levels of L-carnitine to the diet in qualitative characteristics of the sacrifice of Japanese quail birds exposed to heat stress. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 8(2).
  31. Hassan, I. I., Askar, A. A., & El-Shourbagy, G. A. (2004). Influence of some medicinal plant on performance, physiological and meat quality traits of broiler chicks. Egyptian Poultry Science, 24, 247-266.
  32. Hidiroglou, N., Gilani, G. S., Long, L., Zhao, X., Madere, R., Cockell, K., Belonge, B., Ratnayake, W. M. N., & Peace, R. (2004). The influence of dietary vitamin E, fat, and methionine on blood cholesterol profile, homocysteine levels, and oxidizability of low density lipoprotein in the gerbil. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 15(12), 730-740. http://dx.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.009.
  33. Jaradat, N. (2016). Quantitative estimations for the volatile oil by using hydrodistillation and microwave accelerated distillation methods from Ruta graveolens And Ruta chalepensis L. leaves from Jerusalem area/Palestine. Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 4, 1–6.
  34. Kalvandi, O., Sadeghi, A., & Karimi, A. (2019). Methionine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions. Archives Animal Breeding, 62(1), 275-286.
  35. Kumar, P., & Patra, A. K. (2017). Beneficial uses of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds as a feed additive in poultry nutrition. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(4), 872-885. http://dx.doi:10.1017/S0043933917000848.
  36. Lara, L. J., & Rostagno, M. H. (2013). Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Animals, 3(2), 356-369. http://dx.org/10.3390/ani3020356.
  37. Leeson, S., & Summers, J. D. (2008). Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Fourth ed., Nottingham University Press, UK, pp. 413.
  38. Lukanov, H. (2019). Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica), is there such farm animal. World's Poultry Science Journal, 75(4), 547-558. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933919000631.
  39. Mahmood, S., Hassan, M. M., Alam, M., & Ahmad, F. (2009). Comparative efficacy of Nigella sativa and Allium sativum as growth promoters in broilers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11(6), 775-778.
  40. Mehaisen, G. M., Desoky, A. A., Sakr, O. G., Sallam, W., & Abass, A. O. (2019). Propolis alleviates the negative effects of heat stress on egg production, egg quality, physiological and immunological aspects of laying Japanese quail. Plos One, 14(4), e0214839. http://dx.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214839.
  41. Mehaisen, G. M., Ibrahim, R. M., Desoky, A. A., Safaa, H. M., El-Sayed, O. A., & Abass, A. O. (2017). The importance of propolis in alleviating the negative physiological effects of heat stress in quail chicks. Plos One, 12(10), e0186907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186907.
  42. Meydani, S. N., & Blumberg, J. B. (1993). Vitamin E supplementation and enhancement of immune responses in the elderly. In “micronutrients in health and disease prevention”. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. p. 289, 306.
  43. Mousapour, T., & Salarmoini, M. (2014). Effect of using different levels of Nigella sativa meal on the growth performance and meat quality of Japanese quails. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 6(1), 17-24. http://dx.doi.org/22067/ijasr.v6i1.23655. (In Persian).
  44. Sarica, S., Corduk, M., & Kilinc, K. (2005). The Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and composition of edible meat in Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14, 709-715.
  45. Saeid, J. M., Mohamed, A. B., & Al- Baddy, M. A. (2013). Effect of adding garlic powder (Allium sativum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) in feed on broiler growth performance and intestinal wall structure. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(1), 35-41.
  46. Sahin, K., & Kucuk, O. (2001). Effects of vitamin E and selenium on performance, digestibility of nutrients, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 C). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 85(11‐12), 342-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001. 00340.x.
  47. Sahin, K., Kucuk, O., Sahin, N., & Gursu, M. F. (2002). Optimal dietary concentration of vitamin E for alleviating the effect of heat stress on performance, thyroid status, acth and some serum metabolite and mineral concentrations in broilers. Veterinarni Medicina-Praha-, 47(4), 110-116.
  48. Salam, S., Sunarti, D., & Isroli, I. (2013). Physiological responses of blood and immune organs of broiler chicken fed dietary black cumin powder (Nigella sativa) during dry seasons. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 38(3), 185-191. http://dx.org/10.14710/jitaa.38.3.185-191.
  49. SAS, 2005. SAS/Stat®User's Guide: Statistics Ver. 6.04, 4 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., U.S.A.
  50. Seidavi, A. R., Laudadio, V., Khazaei, R., Puvača, N., Selvaggi, M., & Tufarelli, V. (2020). Feeding of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its effects on poultry production and health. World's Poultry Science Journal, 76(2), 346-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020.1750328.
  51. Shahmoradi, A., Ghazanfari, S., & Sharifi, S.D. (2023). Effects of L-carnitine and emulsifier in low energy diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical parameters and meat oxidative stability of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 14(4), 531-547. http://dx.doi: 10.22067/ijasr.2022.77845.1090. (In Persian).
  52. Shini, S., Huff, G. R., Shini, A., & Kaiser, P. (2010). Understanding stress-induced immunosuppression: Exploration of cytokine and chemokine gene profiles in chicken peripheral Poultry Science, 89(4), 841-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00483.
  53. Swain, B. K., Johri, T. S., & Majumdar, S. (2000). Effect of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. British Poultry Science, 41(3), 287-292. http://dx.org/10.1080/713654938.
  54. Toghyani, M., Toghyani, M., Gheisari, A., Ghalamkari, G., & Mohammadrezaei, M. (2010). Growth performance, serum biochemistry and blood hematology of broiler chicks fed different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). Livestock Science, 129(1-3), 173-178. http://dx.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.021.
  55. Torreele, E. L. S., Van Der Sluiszen, A., & Verreth, J. (1993). The effect of dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance in fingerlings of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in relation to dietary lipid. British Journal of Nutrition, 69(1), 289-299. http://dx.doi:10.1079/BJN19930030.
  56. Tunsaringkarn, T., Tungjaroenchai, W., & Siriwong, W. (2013). Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-8.
  57. Vercese, F., Garcia, E. A., Sartori, J. R., Silva, A. D. P., Faitarone, A. B. G., Berto, D. A., Molino, A. de B., & Pelícia, K. (2012). Performance and egg quality of Japanese quails submitted to cyclic heat stress. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 14, 37-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2012000100007.

Zadeh Adamnejad, H., Ghiasi Ghalekandi, J., & Ebrahimnejad, Y. (2015). Effect of different levels of selenium and vitamin E on blood biochemical parameters in the Japanese quail. Veterinary Clinical Pathology the Quarterly Scientific Journal, 9(35), 243-252. (In Persian).

Statistics
Article View: 2,140
PDF Download: 522


Journal Management System. Powered by Sinaweb