ارزیابی جریان رودخانه‎ها به‌منظور تخمین توان و انرژی آبی‎جنبشی نظری با بهره‎گیری از هندسه هیدرولیک

ماشین های کشاورزی

دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 33، مهر 1403، صفحه 319-336   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2023.82429.1166

نویسندگان

مهران صادقی دلوئی؛ رضا علیمردانی^* ؛ حسین موسی زاده

گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

توربین‎های آبی‎جنبشی با قرارگیری درون رودخانه و بدون نیاز به ساخت سد یا بند آبگیر قادر به استحصال انرژی جنبشی آب و تولید برق هستند. یکی از موضوعاتی که در به‎کارگیری این فناوری بسیار حائز اهمیت است موضوع پتانسیل‎سنجی و تخمین توان و انرژی نظری به‌منظور انتخاب مناطق مستعد نصب چنین تجهیزاتی است. از بین روش‎های متنوع پتانسیل‎سنجی، در این پژوهش استفاده از هندسه هیدرولیک و محاسبه سرعت جریان از معادله مانینگ انتخاب شد. به‌منظور پیاده‎سازی این روش یک کد کامپیوتری توسعه یافت که طی 4 مرحله سرعت، چگالی توان و انرژی نظری سایت‎های موردنظر را محاسبه و در اختیار کاربر قرار می‎دهد. برای پیاده‎سازی این روش دو ایستگاه هیدرومتری گچسر و سیرا در حوضه آبخیز سد کرج در استان البرز انتخاب شدند. ابتدا منحنی تداوم جریان هر ایستگاه با توابع توزیع احتمال برازش شد و سپس با استفاده از هندسه هیدرولیک و معادله مانینگ، سرعت، چگالی توان و انرژی جریان محاسبه شد. منحنی تداوم جریان هر دو ایستگاه مورد ارزیابی با توزیع لوگ نرمال و ضریب تعیین 0.99 برازش شدند. چگالی توان نظری برای ایستگاه‎های گچسر و سیرا با احتمال 90% و بیشتر به‌ترتیب برابر 1.2 و 1.67 کیلووات بر مترمربع برآورد شد. با توجه به عمق کم جریان، استفاده از توربین‎های ساونیوس برای این دو سایت پیشنهاد می‎شود. بیشینه انرژی ماهانه تولیدی توسط یک دستگاه توربین‎ با مساحت جاروب واحد در گچسر و سیرا نیز به‌ترتیب برابر 940 و 1142 کیلووات ساعت برآورد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انرژی ماهانه؛ توزیع احتمال؛ شعاع هیدرولیک؛ معادله مانینگ؛ منحنی تداوم جریان

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