اثر انواع خاک‌پوش و سطوح مختلف تنش آبی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه مارچوبه (Asparagus afficinalis)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 2، دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1404، صفحه 29-13   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2024.83056.1270

نویسندگان

منصوره کرمانی^* ؛ شهرام امیرمرادی

گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1401 در یک مزرعه دوساله مارچوبه رقم ATLAS نزدیک شهرستان مشهد اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل انواع خاک­پوش (کاه جو، کاه مارچوبه و پلاستیک) و سطوح تنش آبی شامل آبیاری پس از 50 (بدون تنش)، 70 (تنش خفیف)، 100 (تنش متوسط) و 150 (تنش شدید) میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود. تاریخ اعمال تنش­های آبی از 15 فروردین ماه تا 10 شهریور ماه 1401 بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد ساقه تر، تعداد ساقه قابل برداشت، طول ساقه، قطر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه و میزان کلروفیل در سطوح مختلف تنش آبی کاهش و میزان پرولین افزایش معنی­داری داشت. محتوای کاروتنوئیدها نیز فقط در تنش آبی شدید کاهش معنی­داری نسبت به شاهد پیدا کرد. استفاده از خاک­پوش در شرایط بدون تنش باعث افزایش معنی­دار تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به‌جز پرولین شد، به‌طوری‌که کاه مارچوبه با 76 درصد افزایش در عملکرد ساقه تر نسبت به شاهد در اولین رتبه قرار داشت و پس از آن کاه جو و پلاستیک در رتبه­های دوم و سوم قرار داشتند. همچنین خاک­پوش باعث تقلیل اثرات منفی تنش آبی بر تمامی صفات شد، به‌طوری‌که عدم کاربرد خاک­پوش در شرایط تنش خفیف، متوسط و شدید به‌ترتیب باعث کاهش 21، 36 و 46 درصدی در عملکرد ساقه تر شد. امّا کاربرد کاه مارچوبه به‌عنوان بهترین خاک­پوش در شرایط تنش خفیف، متوسط و شدید به‌ترتیب باعث کاهش 10، 13 و 16 درصدی در عملکرد ساقه تر گردید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ تشتک تبخیر کلاس A؛ عملکرد ساقه تر؛ محتوای کلروفیل

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